AI and data laws

311 moving ยท 704 enacted

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Closest to law

Massachusetts

Massachusetts Data Privacy Act

Would create a comprehensive consumer data privacy law with data minimization rules and limits on selling sensitive data such as location data; the Senate passed S.2619, the engrossed version of S.2516 and S.2608, and the House passed its own amended text.

Passed both
New York
New YorkS 9051-B / A 10379-C

AI companions unsafe features for minors

Would bar operators from offering AI companions with features deemed unsafe for minors, such as simulated emotional relationships or encouragement of self-harm, with a private right of action.

Passed both
New York
New YorkA 11560 / S 10642

Responsible Data Center Development Act

Would impose a one-year moratorium on permits for data centers with peak demand of 20 megawatts or more and require utility rate classes, efficiency standards and community benefits for large data centers.

Passed both
New York
New YorkA 9349-B / S 8623-B

Surveillance Pricing Prohibition

Would ban using algorithms and consumers' personal data to charge different customers different prices for the same goods or services, with exceptions such as loyalty programs.

Passed both
Australia
Australiaunverified

Digital Duty of Care Bill

The bill requires online services to protect children from digital harms including those involving artificial intelligence.

Passed one chamber
European Union
European Unionunverified

Digital Legislation Overhaul Package

The Council of the European Union agreed on its negotiating position regarding updates to data protection, cookie, data sharing, and incident reporting rules.

Passed one chamber
United States (federal)

Ratepayer Protection Act

The bill would require state utility regulators to consider whether large electricity users, including data centers, are driving up costs for other ratepayers.

Passed one chamber
United States (federal)

Safe Cloud Storage Act

Would limit liability for vendors that provide cloud storage to law enforcement for child sexual abuse material held as evidence.

Passed one chamber
Chile
ChileBoletin 16821-19 (merged with 15869-19)

Chile AI Systems Bill

Government bill to regulate artificial intelligence systems in Chile using a risk-based approach.

Passed one chamber
United States (federal)

KIDS Act

Would require online platforms to add safeguards for minors, including limits on sexual material, parental controls on social media and games, and disclosures by AI chatbots.

Passed one chamber
Pennsylvania

Consumer Data Privacy Act

Would create a comprehensive consumer data privacy law giving Pennsylvanians rights to access, correct, delete and opt out of the sale of their personal data.

Passed one chamber
Canada
CanadaBill C-22 (45th Parliament, 1st Session)

Lawful Access Act, 2026

Government bill giving law enforcement new tools to obtain subscriber information and other data from electronic service providers in investigations.

Passed one chamber
Pennsylvania

Disclosure of AI-generated content

Would treat distributing AI-generated content without a required disclosure as an unfair method of competition enforceable by the Attorney General.

Passed one chamber
United States (federal)

Safe Cloud Storage Act

Senate bill to limit liability for vendors that provide cloud storage to law enforcement for child sexual abuse material held as evidence.

Passed one chamber
Michigan
MichiganSB 758

Michigan Kids Code Act

Would create the Michigan Kids Code Act setting privacy and design requirements for online services used by minors.

Passed one chamber

Taking effect

Chile

Chile Personal Data Protection Law (Ley 21.719)

Overhauls Chile's personal data protection regime by amending Law 19.628, adding data subject rights such as portability, and creating an independent Personal Data Protection Agency.

Takes effect, in 20 days
Delaware

Delaware Personal Data Privacy Act Amendments

Amends the Delaware Personal Data Privacy Act to align it with other states' laws, including lowering the applicability threshold to entities processing data of at least 15,000 consumers.

Takes effect, in 51 days
California

CEQA: Data Centers and Geothermal Projects

Bars CEQA categorical exemptions for data center projects and lets the governor certify qualifying data center projects as environmental leadership development projects.

Takes effect, in 51 days
California

Data Centers: Rate Structures

Requires the Public Utilities Commission to assess rate structures so that data centers pay a reasonable share of transmission, distribution and procurement costs tied to their loads.

Takes effect, in 51 days
California

Data Centers: Reporting

Requires data center owners or operators to report information such as location, size, power usage effectiveness and onsite generator fuel use to the California Energy Commission.

Takes effect, in 51 days
California

Data Centers: Water Use Disclosures

Bars cities and counties from approving permits for new or expanded data centers unless the applicant provides prescribed water use information and other conditions are met.

Takes effect, in 51 days
California

Electricity: Data Centers

Requires each electrical corporation to file transmission, distribution and generation service tariffs for participating data center customers.

Takes effect, in 51 days
California

Water Resources: Data Centers

Requires data center operators to give their water supplier a good faith estimate of expected water use and water source before applying for a local business license or permit.

Takes effect, in 51 days
California

Companion Chatbots: Children's Safety (Adam's Law)

Requires companion chatbot operators, beginning July 1, 2027, to perform and document child safety risk assessments and meet other child safety duties before offering new or substantially modified chatbots in California.

Takes effect, in 51 days
California

Online Services Accessed by Children

Repeals the enjoined Age-Appropriate Design Code Act and replaces it with similar duties requiring online services likely to be accessed by children to take reasonable steps to prevent specified risks of harm.

Takes effect, in 51 days
California

Reporting Mechanism: Child Sexual Abuse Material

Expands social media platform reporting duties for child sexual abuse material to cover intimate depictions of identifiable minors and makes noncompliant platforms liable to depicted individuals.

Takes effect, in 51 days
California

Toys: Companion Chatbots

Bans the manufacture or sale in California of toys that include a companion chatbot until January 1, 2031.

Takes effect, in 51 days
Illinois

AI in Teacher Evaluations

Bars teachers from using AI tools to generate evidence of professional practice used in their evaluations and limits AI use in the teacher evaluation process.

Takes effect, in 51 days
Illinois

Artificial Intelligence Safety Measures Act

Requires large frontier AI developers to publish and follow safety frameworks, undergo annual independent third-party audits, and report critical safety incidents.

Takes effect, in 51 days

Scheduled next

United Kingdom

Personal Data (Digital Twins) Bill

A bill to make provision about the regulation of software or algorithms which use or hold personal data for the purpose of modelling the preferences or behaviours of a person; to make provision about the rights of individuals in respect of the holding and use of their personal data by such software

Scheduled: 2nd reading, Commons, in 2 days
India

Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023

Sets rules for processing digital personal data, including consent, duties of data fiduciaries, rights of data principals and a Data Protection Board with power to impose penalties.

Section 6(9) and section 27(1)(d) (consent managers) scheduled to apply, one year after the notification, in 2 days
India

Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025

Implements the DPDP Act 2023 with rules on notice, consent managers, security safeguards, breach intimation, children's data and the Data Protection Board, phased in over 18 months.

Rule 4 (consent managers) scheduled to apply, one year after publication, in 2 days
United Kingdom

Personal Data (Digital Twins) Bill

A bill to make provision about the regulation of software or algorithms which use or hold personal data for the purpose of modelling the preferences or behaviours of a person; to make provision about the rights of individuals in respect of the holding and use of their personal data by such software

Scheduled: 2nd reading, Commons, in 16 days
United Kingdom

Artificial Intelligence (Consent and Misuse) Bill

A bill to make provision about a requirement for consent to generate a likeness of a person using, or with the assistance of, artificial intelligence; to make further provision relating to that requirement; to make provision about civil action in circumstances where that requirement is not met; to m

Scheduled: 2nd reading, Commons, in 16 days
Chile

Chile Personal Data Protection Law (Ley 21.719)

Overhauls Chile's personal data protection regime by amending Law 19.628, adding data subject rights such as portability, and creating an independent Personal Data Protection Agency.

Main amendments to Laws 19.628, 20.285 and 19.496 scheduled to enter into force (first day of the 24th month after publi, in 20 days
European Union

AI Act

Sets EU-wide risk-based rules for AI systems, banning certain practices, imposing requirements on high-risk systems, transparency duties for some AI, and obligations for general-purpose AI model providers.

New prohibition on AI systems generating non-consensual sexual deepfakes and child sexual abuse material scheduled to ap, in 21 days
European Union

Platform Work Directive

Creates a legal presumption of employment for people working through digital labour platforms and sets the first EU rules on algorithmic management, including human oversight of automated decisions and limits on processing workers' personal data.

Transposition deadline for member states, in 21 days
European Union

Digital Omnibus on AI

Amends the AI Act to delay high-risk obligations to 2 December 2027 and 2 August 2028, extend SME relief to small mid-caps, simplify AI literacy and registration duties, widen AI Office oversight, and ban AI nudification and CSAM generation.

Ban on AI systems generating non-consensual intimate content and CSAM scheduled to apply, in 21 days
European Union

Product Liability Directive

Replaces the 1985 product liability rules and extends no-fault liability for defective products to software, including AI systems, digital manufacturing files and related digital services.

Transposition deadline; directive applies to products placed on the market after this date, in 28 days
Australia

Privacy and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2024

Amends the Privacy Act 1988 to require a Children's Online Privacy Code, add transparency duties for automated decisions, create a statutory tort for serious invasions of privacy and a criminal offence for doxxing.

Schedule 1 Part 15 automated decision-making transparency obligations scheduled to apply, in 29 days
Australia

Children's Online Privacy Code

A binding privacy code being developed by the OAIC under the Privacy Act, as required by the 2024 amendments, to set how online services likely to be accessed by children handle their personal information.

Code scheduled to be finalised and registered, in 29 days
United Nations

UN Convention against Cybercrime

A global treaty requiring parties to criminalize certain offences committed through information and communications technology systems and to cooperate on sharing electronic evidence of serious crimes, which enters into force 90 days after the 40th ratification.

Signature period at UN Headquarters scheduled to close, in 50 days
Japan

Act on the Protection of Personal Information Amendment

Amends Japan's personal information law to allow data sharing without consent for statistics and AI development, strengthen protections for children under 16 and facial feature data, and introduce administrative surcharges for serious violations.

Further provisions scheduled to apply, in 67 days
Vietnam

Law on Artificial Intelligence

Regulates the research, development, provision, deployment and use of AI systems in Viet Nam with risk-based obligations, human oversight, an AI sandbox and a national AI development fund.

Compliance deadline for AI systems already in operation outside healthcare, education and finance (12 months after effec, in 4 months
European Union

European Health Data Space Regulation

Gives people control over and cross-border access to their electronic health data and sets a framework for the secondary use of health data for research, innovation and policy making.

Regulation applies in general; deadline for the Commission to adopt key implementing acts, in 5 months
United Nations

Independent International Scientific Panel on AI and Global Dialogue on AI Governance

Sets the terms of reference for a 40-member Independent International Scientific Panel on Artificial Intelligence that issues an annual assessment report, and establishes an annual Global Dialogue on AI Governance alternating between Geneva and New York.

Second session of the Global Dialogue scheduled in New York (3 to 4 May 2027), back-to-back with the multi-stakeholder f, in 6 months
European Union

European Media Freedom Act

Sets common rules to protect media pluralism and editorial independence, including safeguards against spyware use on journalists, transparency of media ownership and state advertising, and treatment of media content by very large online platforms.

Article 20 scheduled to apply, in 6 months

Just became law, or stopped

Canada
Canadaunverified

EU-Canada Digital Trade Agreement

The agreement facilitates cross border data flows and strengthens regulatory cooperation between Canada and the European Union.

Adopted
New York
New Yorkunverified

Child AI Chatbot Protection Bills

New York enacted legislation to protect children from risks associated with artificial intelligence chatbots and internet-connected baby monitors.

Enacted
Georgia
Georgiaunverified

Georgia Social Media Law

A federal appeals court lifted a stay blocking Georgia from enforcing its law restricting children from accessing social media.

Ruled
United States (federal)

GSA LLM Clause

The General Services Administration issued a procurement clause barring language models from training on government data.

In force
South Korea
South Koreaunverified

Digital Asset Basic Act

South Korea established capital and reserve requirements for stablecoin issuers under new digital asset legislation.

Enacted
Georgia
Georgiaunverified

Georgia Social Media Age Verification Law

A federal appeals court lifted an injunction, allowing Georgia to enforce its law requiring social media platforms to verify user ages and obtain parental consent for minors.

Ruled
Delaware
DelawareHB 380

Delaware Personal Data Privacy Act Amendments

Amends the Delaware Personal Data Privacy Act to align it with other states' laws, including lowering the applicability threshold to entities processing data of at least 15,000 consumers.

Enacted
California
CaliforniaAB 2575unverified

AB 2575

This bill would have protected nurses from disciplinary action when overriding unsafe artificial intelligence clinical recommendations.

Vetoed