# Legislations: every item (1061 so far) Bills, laws, executive orders, resolutions, treaties and court rulings on tech, AI and data, from official legislative and government sources (Congress.gov, the Federal Register, the UK Parliament, EU institutions, the UN, governors’ newsrooms) and news, found by a daily agent with an evening pass on weekdays. The starting set was researched by hand on official pages; new finds from news are marked unverified until checked. The dataset grows as measures are introduced, move and pass. Not legal advice. Anonymous usage stats via Google Analytics. Kinds: Bill, Law, Executive order, Resolution, Treaty, Ruling, Hearing, Strategy, Proposal. ## U.S. federal - Satellite Cybersecurity Act of 2025 (S. 3404). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-09-24: Message on Senate action sent to the House.). Topics: cybersecurity. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s3404 - A bill to amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to provide for the protection of biotechnology and biomanufacturing infrastructure by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency of the Department of Homeland Security, and for other purposes. (S. 5502). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-24: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.). Topics: cybersecurity. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s5502 - A bill to amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to require the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency of the Department of Homeland Security to protect genetic and other sensitive biometric data, and for other purposes. (S. 5522). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-24: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.). Topics: cybersecurity, biometrics. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s5522 - A bill to establish a public-private working group to develop cybersecurity best practices for telecommunications carriers and related supply chain participants, and for other purposes. (S. 5508). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-24: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.). Topics: cybersecurity, telecom. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s5508 - A bill to establish the Artificial Intelligence Horizon Fund, and for other purposes. (S. 5518). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-24: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance.). Topics: ai. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s5518 - A bill to establish the Cybersecurity and AI Board of Investigations, and for other purposes. (S. 5541). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-24: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.). Topics: ai, cybersecurity. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s5541 - A bill to prohibit biometric surveillance by the Federal Government without explicit statutory authorization and to withhold certain Federal public safety grants from State and local governments that engage in biometric surveillance. (S. 5544). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-24: Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.). Topics: biometrics. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s5544 - A bill to require the Secretary of Defense to establish a pilot program on Department of Defense partnerships with institutions of higher education recognized in the National Centers of Academic Excellence in Cybersecurity program for Cyber Research, and for other purposes. (S. 5504). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-24: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Armed Services.). Topics: cybersecurity. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s5504 - Romance Scam Prevention Act (H.R. 2481). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed both (last action 2026-09-24: Message on Senate action sent to the House.). Votes: House voice vote; Senate unanimous consent. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: platforms, online-safety. Would require online dating services to notify users who received messages from accounts banned for fraud. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr2481 - To amend the Federal Power Act to require the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to issue a final rule relating to the interconnection of large load facilities with the transmission system, and for other purposes. (H.R. 10579). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-24: Referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.). Topics: datacenters. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr10579 - To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to provide for the protection of biotechnology and biomanufacturing infrastructure by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency of the Department of Homeland Security, and for other purposes. (H.R. 10569). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-24: Referred to the House Committee on Homeland Security.). Topics: cybersecurity. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr10569 - To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to require the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency of the Department of Homeland Security to protect genetic and other sensitive biometric data, and for other purposes. (H.R. 10568). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-24: Referred to the House Committee on Homeland Security.). Topics: cybersecurity, biometrics. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr10568 - To authorize certain labor market data collection activities and to improve Federal measurement of the workforce impacts of artificial intelligence, and for other purposes. (H.R. 10578). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-24: Referred to the Committee on Education and Workforce, and in addition to the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.). Topics: ai. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr10578 - To establish the Department of Artificial Intelligence and to provide for the regulation of advanced artificial intelligence systems, and for other purposes. (H.R. 10538). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-24: Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.). Topics: ai. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr10538 - To limit the enforceability of predispute nondisclosure contract clauses relating to the building of data centers, and for other purposes. (H.R. 10570). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-24: Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, and Ways and Means, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.). Topics: datacenters. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr10570 - To prohibit biometric surveillance by the Federal Government without explicit statutory authorization and to withhold certain Federal public safety grants from State and local governments that engage in biometric surveillance. (H.R. 10563). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-24: Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.). Topics: biometrics. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr10563 - To prohibit the establishment, maintenance, and sharing of vehicle fingerprinting databases by the heads of Government agencies, and for other purposes. (H.R. 10609). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-24: Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.). Topics: biometrics. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr10609 - To require entities to include human-controlled shutdown mechanisms in all artificial intelligence systems. (H.R. 10567). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-24: Referred to the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology.). Topics: ai. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr10567 - To require the Secretary of Homeland Security to carry out prize competitions to advance the science of interpretability and to develop adversarial robustness with respect to artificial intelligence products, and for other purposes. (H.R. 10594). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-24: Referred to the House Committee on Homeland Security.). Topics: ai. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr10594 - A resolution expressing the sense of the Senate regarding the importance of religious freedom, authoritative texts, and transparency in artificial intelligence systems. (S.Res. 896). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. resolution, Adopted (last action 2026-09-23: Submitted in the Senate, considered, and agreed to without amendment and with a preamble by Unanimous Consent. (consideration: CR S4958; text: CR S4951)). Topics: ai. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-sres896 - Always Watching: Flock's Nationwide AI Surveillance Network. United States (federal), U.S. Congress. hearing, In committee (last action 2026-09-23: Hearing held). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, privacy, data. Senate subcommittee hearing on Flock Safety's network of AI-enabled license plate reader cameras and its privacy implications. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hearing-2026-09-23-flock-ai-surveillance - To establish a human-centered Federal framework for artificial intelligence in education and the workforce, promote the ethical and responsible teaching and learning of artificial intelligence, provide for equitable access to artificial intelligence-ready workforce development, safeguard student and (H.R. 10515). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-21: Referred to the Committee on Education and Workforce, and in addition to the Committees on Science, Space, and Technology, and Ways and Means, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee). Topics: ai, privacy, online-safety, employment. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr10515 - Safe Cloud Storage Act (H.R. 7834). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-09-17: Received in the Senate.). Votes: House voice vote. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: online-safety. Would limit liability for vendors that provide cloud storage to law enforcement for child sexual abuse material held as evidence. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr7834 - To direct the Director of National Intelligence to submit to Congress a report on the use of artificial intelligence systems to acquire, analyze, query, disseminate, or otherwise access information under section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978. (H.R. 10502). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-17: Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committee on Intelligence (Permanent Select), for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.). Topics: ai. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr10502 - Affordable Innovation for the Grid Act (H.R. 9339). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-09-16: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.). Votes: House voice vote. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: ai, datacenters. Would direct the Department of Energy to assess using AI and high performance computing to improve the capacity and reliability of the bulk power system. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr9339 - Student Voter Data Protection Act (S. 5408). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-16: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.). Topics: privacy. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s5408 - Digital Asset Market Clarity Act (H.R. 3633). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-09-15: Cloture on the motion to proceed to the measure not invoked in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 49 - 50.). Votes: House 294-134; Senate cloture on motion to proceed 49-50 (not invoked). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: crypto. Would set a regulatory framework for digital asset markets, giving the CFTC primary oversight of digital commodities and defining the SEC's role. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr3633 - Data Center Fair Share Act (H.R. 10322). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-08: Referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.). Topics: datacenters. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr10322 - United States v. Google LLC (ad tech) (No. 1:23-cv-00108). United States (federal), U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. ruling, Ruled (last action 2026-09-02: Remedies opinion and order issued). Topics: platforms. The court found Google liable for monopolizing publisher ad server and ad exchange markets, and later rejected divestiture of its AdX exchange in favor of behavioral remedies. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-us-v-google-ad-tech - Declaring a National Emergency To Secure the United States Bulk-Power System (Executive Order 14421). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2026-08-31: Published in the Federal Register, 91 FR 55995). Sponsors: R. Topics: cybersecurity, datacenters. Declares a national emergency over foreign threats to the bulk power system, citing electricity demand from data centers and AI. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14421 - AI Advertising Disclosure Act (H.R. 10146). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-08-24: Referred to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce.). Topics: ai. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr10146 - Kids Online Safety Act (S. 1748). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-08-05: Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Ordered to be reported with an amendment in the nature of a substitute favorably.). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would set a duty of care for covered online platforms to prevent specified harms to minors and require default safeguards and parental tools. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s1748 - Your Data, Their Profit: The Consumer Cost of AI Surveillance Pricing. United States (federal), U.S. Congress. hearing, In committee (last action 2026-08-04: Hearing held). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, privacy, data. Senate subcommittee hearing on the use of personal data and AI to set individualized consumer prices. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hearing-2026-08-04-ai-surveillance-pricing - Protecting Families from AI Data Center Energy Costs Act (H.R. 6529). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-07-21: Ordered to be Reported by the Yeas and Nays: 44 - 0.). Topics: ai, datacenters. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr6529 - Bartz v. Anthropic PBC (class settlement approval) (No. 4:24-cv-05417). United States (federal), U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. ruling, Ruled (last action 2026-07-20: Order granting final approval of class action settlement). Topics: copyright, ai. The court granted final approval of the authors' class action settlement with Anthropic over its use of pirated books. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-bartz-v-anthropic-settlement - KIDS Act (H.R. 7757). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-07-13: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.). Votes: House 267-117. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms, ai. Would require online platforms to add safeguards for minors, including limits on sexual material, parental controls on social media and games, and disclosures by AI chatbots. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr7757 - Chatrie v. United States (No. 25-112). United States (federal), Supreme Court of the United States. ruling, Ruled (last action 2026-06-29: Opinion issued). Votes: 6-3. Topics: privacy, data. The Supreme Court held that police conducted a Fourth Amendment search when they obtained a suspect's Google location history through a geofence warrant, and vacated and remanded the Fourth Circuit's judgment. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-chatrie-v-united-states - CREATE AI Act of 2025 (H.R. 2385). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-06-25: Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 29 - 0.). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: ai. Would establish the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource to give U.S. researchers, educators and students access to AI data, computing and tools. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr2385 - Securing the Nation Against Advanced Cryptographic Attacks (Executive Order 14412). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2026-06-25: Published in the Federal Register, 91 FR 38483). Sponsors: R. Topics: cybersecurity. Directs federal agencies to migrate their information systems to NIST post quantum cryptography standards and to assist critical infrastructure operators. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14412 - Health and Location Data Protection Act of 2026 (H.R. 9482). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-06-25: Referred to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce.). Topics: privacy, data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr9482 - Protecting Consumers from Deceptive AI Act (H.R. 8893). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-06-25: Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 35 - 0.). Topics: ai. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr8893 - READ AI Models Act (H.R. 6461). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-06-25: Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 35 - 0.). Topics: ai. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr6461 - NO FAKES Act of 2026 (S. 4591). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-06-24: Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 446.). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: deepfakes, copyright, ai. Would create a federal intellectual property right protecting individuals' voice and visual likeness from unauthorized digital replicas, with notice and takedown rules for platforms. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s4591 - Execution of the Migration to Post-Quantum Cryptography (OMB M-26-15). United States (federal), The White House. strategy, Adopted (last action 2026-06-24: Issued by OMB). Topics: cybersecurity. OMB memo directing agencies on executing the migration of federal systems to post quantum cryptography. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-omb-m-26-15 (unverified) - SBA Artificial Intelligence Utilization Act of 2026 (H.R. 8881). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-06-24: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship.). Votes: House voice vote. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: government-ai. Would require the Small Business Administration to report annually on its use of artificial intelligence and machine learning. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr8881 - FISA Section 702 extension to July 2026 (H.R. 9238) (H.R. 9238). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Failed (last action 2026-06-11: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Failed by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 198 - 218.). Votes: House 198-218 (failed). Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy. Would have extended Title VII of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, including Section 702, until July 2, 2026. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr9238 - Thomson Reuters Enterprise Centre GmbH v. ROSS Intelligence Inc. (No. 1:20-cv-00613). United States (federal), U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. ruling, Ruled (last action 2026-06-11: Interlocutory appeal argued in the Third Circuit). Topics: copyright, ai. The court granted Thomson Reuters partial summary judgment, holding that ROSS copied Westlaw headnotes to build an AI legal research tool and that the fair use defense failed. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-thomson-reuters-v-ross - Promoting Advanced Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Security (Executive Order 14409). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2026-06-05: Published in the Federal Register, 91 FR 34565). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, cybersecurity. Directs agencies to harden federal and critical infrastructure systems with AI enabled cyber defenses, create an AI cybersecurity clearinghouse with industry and secure frontier AI models. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14409 - Foreign Intelligence Accountability Act and Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act (House amendment to S. 1318) (S. 1318). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-06-05: Motion to proceed to consideration of the House message to accompany S. 1318 rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 52.). Votes: House 235-191; Senate motion to proceed rejected 47-52. Topics: privacy, crypto. House passed vehicle that would reauthorize FISA Title VII until April 30, 2029 with added Section 702 protections and bar a central bank digital currency. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s1318 - FCC v. AT&T, Inc. (No. 25-406 (with No. 25-567, Verizon v. FCC)). United States (federal), Supreme Court of the United States. ruling, Ruled (last action 2026-06-04: Opinion issued). Votes: 8-1. Topics: privacy, telecom. The Supreme Court held that the FCC may issue forfeiture orders without a jury, in cases arising from fines against AT&T and Verizon over their handling of customer location data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-fcc-v-att - Integrating Financial Technology Innovation Into Regulatory Frameworks (Executive Order 14405). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2026-05-22: Published in the Federal Register, 91 FR 30475). Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Directs financial regulators to update rules so fintech firms and digital assets can be integrated into traditional financial services and payments. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14405 - Stop Stealing our Chips Act (S. 1473). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-05-21: Held at the desk.). Votes: Senate unanimous consent. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: chips. Would create a whistleblower incentive and protection program for reporting export control violations to the Bureau of Industry and Security. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s1473 - Safe Cloud Storage Act (S. 3023). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-05-21: Held at the desk.). Votes: Senate unanimous consent. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: online-safety. Senate bill to limit liability for vendors that provide cloud storage to law enforcement for child sexual abuse material held as evidence. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s3023 - GUARD Act (S. 3062). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-05-11: Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 406.). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: ai, online-safety. Would bar AI companion chatbots for minors, require age verification and require chatbots to disclose that they are not human. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s3062 - Rural Broadband Protection Act of 2025 (S. 98). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. law, Enacted (last action 2026-05-11: Became Public Law 119-89). Votes: Senate voice vote; House voice vote. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: telecom. Requires the FCC to vet applicants for high cost broadband deployment funding. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s98 - FISA Section 702 short-term extension (S. 4465) (S. 4465). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. law, Enacted (last action 2026-04-30: Became Public Law 119-87). Votes: Senate voice vote; House 261-111. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: privacy. Extends the authorities of Title VII of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, including Section 702, until June 12, 2026. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s4465 - CREATE AI Act (S. 4441). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Introduced (last action 2026-04-29: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: ai. Senate bill to establish the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource for shared AI research computing and data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s4441 - FISA Section 702 short-term extension (H.R. 8322) (H.R. 8322). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. law, Enacted (last action 2026-04-18: Became Public Law 119-84). Votes: Senate voice vote; House without objection. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy. Temporarily extends the authorities of Title VII of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, including Section 702 surveillance. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr8322 - Computing Power and Competition: Examining the Semiconductor Ecosystem. United States (federal), U.S. Congress. hearing, In committee (last action 2026-04-15: Hearing held). Topics: chips, ai. House subcommittee hearing on the U.S. semiconductor ecosystem and computing power for AI. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hearing-2026-04-15-semiconductor-ecosystem - Chip Security Act (H.R. 3447). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-03-26: Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute by the Yeas and Nays: 42 - 0.). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: chips, ai. Would require advanced AI chips subject to export controls to carry security mechanisms, including location verification, to curb diversion. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr3447 - Cox Communications, Inc. v. Sony Music Entertainment (No. 24-171). United States (federal), Supreme Court of the United States. ruling, Ruled (last action 2026-03-25: Opinion issued). Votes: 9-0 judgment (7-2 on reasoning). Topics: copyright, telecom. The Supreme Court held that internet provider Cox is not contributorily liable for subscribers' music piracy because it neither induced infringement nor offered a service tailored to it. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-cox-v-sony - Data Center Water and Energy Transparency Act of 2026 (S. 4213). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-03-25: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (text: CR S1616-1617)). Topics: datacenters. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s4213 - National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence: Legislative Recommendations. United States (federal), The White House. proposal, Proposed (last action 2026-03-20: Released by the White House). Topics: ai, online-safety. White House legislative recommendations asking Congress to set a national AI standard that preempts burdensome state AI laws while adding protections such as child safety. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-proposal-2026-03-20-national-ai-framework - Children and Teens’ Online Privacy Protection Act (S. 836). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-03-16: Held at the desk.). Votes: Senate unanimous consent. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: privacy, online-safety. Would extend children's online privacy protections to teens under 17, ban targeted advertising to minors and update the COPPA knowledge standard. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s836 - NetChoice, LLC v. Bonta (second appeal, Age-Appropriate Design Code Act) (No. 25-2366). United States (federal), U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. ruling, Ruled (last action 2026-03-12: Opinion issued). Topics: online-safety, privacy. The Ninth Circuit affirmed in part and vacated in part a second preliminary injunction that had blocked the entire California Age-Appropriate Design Code Act. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-netchoice-v-bonta-aadc-2026 - Combating Cybercrime, Fraud, and Predatory Schemes Against American Citizens (Executive Order 14390). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2026-03-11: Published in the Federal Register, 91 FR 12051). Sponsors: R. Topics: cybersecurity, online-safety. Directs federal action against cybercrime, online fraud and predatory schemes targeting Americans. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14390 - Ratepayer Protection Pledge (Proclamation 11014). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2026-03-09: Published in the Federal Register, 91 FR 11439). Sponsors: R. Topics: datacenters, ai. Announces a pledge under which large AI and data center companies commit to pay the full cost of the power they use so household electricity bills do not rise. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-proc-11014 - Small Business Artificial Intelligence Advancement Act (H.R. 3679). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-02-24: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.). Votes: House voice vote. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: ai. Would direct NIST to develop or identify resources to help small businesses address concerns about using artificial intelligence. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr3679 - AI for Main Street Act (H.R. 5764). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-01-26: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship.). Votes: House 395-14. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: ai. Would require Small Business Development Centers to help small businesses evaluate and use artificial intelligence. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr5764 - AI-WISE Act (H.R. 5784). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-01-26: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship.). Votes: House voice vote. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: ai. Would require the Small Business Administration to offer educational resources on artificial intelligence tools for small businesses. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr5784 - AI OVERWATCH Act (H.R. 6875). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2026-01-21: Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute by the Yeas and Nays: 42 - 2.). Sponsors: R. Topics: chips, ai. Would require export licenses and congressional review for sales of advanced AI chips to countries of concern. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr6875 - Adjusting Imports of Semiconductors, Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment, and Their Derivative Products Into the United States (Proclamation 11002). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2026-01-20: Published in the Federal Register, 91 FR 2443). Sponsors: R. Topics: chips. Section 232 proclamation finding that semiconductor imports threaten national security and adjusting imports of chips, chipmaking equipment and derivative products. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-proc-11002 - Assessing America's AI Action Plan. United States (federal), U.S. Congress. hearing, In committee (last action 2026-01-14: Hearing held). Topics: ai, government-ai. House subcommittee hearing assessing implementation of the White House AI Action Plan. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hearing-2026-01-14-assessing-ai-action-plan - Winning the AI Arms Race Against the Chinese Communist Party. United States (federal), U.S. Congress. hearing, In committee (last action 2026-01-14: Hearing held). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, chips. House Foreign Affairs Committee hearing on competition with China in AI, including export controls on advanced chips. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hearing-2026-01-14-ai-arms-race-ccp - DEFIANCE Act of 2025 (S. 1837). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-01-13: Held at the desk.). Votes: Senate unanimous consent. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety. Would create a federal civil remedy for people depicted in sexually explicit deepfakes made or shared without consent. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s1837 - Remote Access Security Act (H.R. 2683). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-01-13: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.). Votes: House 369-22. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: chips. Would extend U.S. export controls to remote access of controlled items, such as cloud access to advanced computing chips. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr2683 - American Artificial Intelligence Leadership and Uniformity Act (H.R. 5388). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Introduced (last action 2025-12-19: Referred to the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations.). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. Would set a national AI policy framework and a temporary moratorium preempting certain state laws that restrict AI models and systems. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr5388 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 (S. 1071). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. law, Enacted (last action 2025-12-18: Became Public Law 119-60). Votes: House 312-112; Senate 77-20. Topics: government-ai, ai. Annual defense authorization law for fiscal year 2026, which includes artificial intelligence provisions for defense and intelligence community programs. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s1071 - Sunset Section 230 Act (S. 3546). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Introduced (last action 2025-12-17: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: platforms. Would repeal Section 230 of the Communications Act of 1934, which shields online platforms from liability for most user content. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s3546 - States' Right to Regulate AI Act (S. 3557). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Introduced (last action 2025-12-17: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: ai. Would bar the use of federal funds to implement the December 2025 executive order on a national policy framework for AI. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s3557 - Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence (Executive Order 14365). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2025-12-16: Published in the Federal Register, 90 FR 58499). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. Sets a policy of a minimally burdensome national AI standard, creates a Justice Department task force to challenge state AI laws and conditions some federal funding on state AI policies. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14365 - App Store Accountability Act (H.R. 3149). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2025-12-11: Forwarded by Subcommittee to Full Committee (Amended) by Voice Vote.). Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would require app stores to verify users' ages and obtain parental consent before minors download apps. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr3149 - Kids Online Safety Act (H.R. 6484). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2025-12-11: Forwarded by Subcommittee to Full Committee in the Nature of a Substitute (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 13 - 10.). Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. House version of the Kids Online Safety Act requiring covered platforms to adopt safeguards and parental tools for minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr6484 - Children and Teens’ Online Privacy Protection Act (H.R. 6291). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2025-12-11: Forwarded by Subcommittee to Full Committee by the Yeas and Nays: 14 - 10.). Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, online-safety. House version of COPPA 2.0 extending online privacy protections to teens. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr6291 - Increasing Public Trust in Artificial Intelligence Through Unbiased AI Principles (OMB M-26-04). United States (federal), The White House. strategy, Adopted (last action 2025-12-11: Issued by OMB). Topics: government-ai. OMB memo implementing Executive Order 14319 by setting how agencies apply unbiased AI principles when buying large language models. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-omb-m-26-04 - United States v. Google LLC (search) (No. 1:20-cv-03010). United States (federal), U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. ruling, Ruled (last action 2025-12-05: Final judgment entered). Topics: platforms. The court found Google unlawfully maintained a monopoly in general search and later imposed remedies that bar exclusive distribution deals and require some data sharing, without ordering a Chrome divestiture. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-us-v-google-search - Launching the Genesis Mission (Executive Order 14363). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2025-11-28: Published in the Federal Register, 90 FR 55035). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, government-ai, data. Launches the Genesis Mission, a Department of Energy led effort to build an AI platform using federal scientific datasets to accelerate research. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14363 - Generative AI Terrorism Risk Assessment Act (H.R. 1736). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2025-11-20: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.). Votes: House voice vote. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, cybersecurity. Would require the Department of Homeland Security to assess threats posed by terrorist use of generative AI. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr1736 - Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc. (No. 1:20-cv-03590). United States (federal), U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. ruling, Ruled (last action 2025-11-18: Memorandum opinion issued and judgment entered for Meta). Topics: platforms. The court ruled for Meta, rejecting the FTC's claim that Meta illegally maintained a personal social networking monopoly through its Instagram and WhatsApp acquisitions. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-ftc-v-meta - Innovation with Integrity: Examining the Risks and Benefits of AI Chatbots. United States (federal), U.S. Congress. hearing, In committee (last action 2025-11-18: Hearing held). Topics: ai, online-safety. House subcommittee hearing on the risks and benefits of AI chatbots for consumers and minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hearing-2025-11-18-ai-chatbots-risks-benefits - GAIN AI Act of 2025 (S. 3150). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Introduced (last action 2025-11-06: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: chips, ai. Would require companies seeking licenses to export advanced AI chips to countries of concern to certify that U.S. buyers get priority access. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s3150 - Unlocking Cures for Pediatric Cancer With Artificial Intelligence (Executive Order 14355). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2025-10-07: Published in the Federal Register, 90 FR 48153). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, data. Directs use of artificial intelligence and federal data to accelerate pediatric cancer research. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14355 - Saving TikTok While Protecting National Security (Executive Order 14352). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2025-09-30: Published in the Federal Register, 90 FR 47219). Sponsors: R. Topics: platforms, data. Approves a framework for a qualified divestiture of TikTok's U.S. operations under the 2024 law and further delays enforcement. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14352 - AI LEAD Act (S. 2937). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Introduced (last action 2025-09-29: Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: ai. Would create a federal product liability cause of action for harms caused by AI systems. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s2937 - Artificial Intelligence Risk Evaluation Act of 2025 (S. 2938). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Introduced (last action 2025-09-29: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: ai. Would require developers of advanced AI systems to take part in a Department of Energy evaluation program before deployment. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s2938 - Further Extending the TikTok Enforcement Delay (Executive Order 14350). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2025-09-23: Published in the Federal Register, 90 FR 45903). Sponsors: R. Topics: platforms. Further extended the TikTok enforcement delay. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14350 - AI at a Crossroads: A Nationwide Strategy or Californication?. United States (federal), U.S. Congress. hearing, In committee (last action 2025-09-18: Hearing held). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. House subcommittee hearing on whether AI should be governed by a national framework or by state laws such as California's. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hearing-2025-09-18-ai-at-a-crossroads - Examining the Harm of AI Chatbots. United States (federal), U.S. Congress. hearing, In committee (last action 2025-09-16: Hearing held). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, online-safety. Senate subcommittee hearing on harms to children and teens from AI companion chatbots. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hearing-2025-09-16-harm-of-ai-chatbots - AI've Got a Plan: America's AI Action Plan. United States (federal), U.S. Congress. hearing, In committee (last action 2025-09-10: Hearing held). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, government-ai. Senate subcommittee hearing with OSTP Director Michael Kratsios on the White House AI Action Plan. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hearing-2025-09-10-ai-action-plan - SANDBOX Act (S. 2750). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Introduced (last action 2025-09-10: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. Would direct OSTP to run a federal regulatory sandbox letting AI developers seek temporary waivers or changes to federal rules. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s2750 - NetChoice, LLC v. Bonta (Protecting Our Kids from Social Media Addiction Act) (No. 25-146). United States (federal), U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. ruling, Ruled (last action 2025-09-09: Opinion issued). Topics: online-safety, platforms. The Ninth Circuit largely affirmed the refusal to block California's law limiting minors' access to algorithmic feeds, while finding NetChoice likely to succeed against a default setting hiding like counts on minors' accounts. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-netchoice-v-bonta-sb976 - Homebuyers Privacy Protection Act (H.R. 2808). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. law, Enacted (last action 2025-09-05: Became Public Law 119-36). Votes: House voice vote; Senate unanimous consent. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: privacy, data. Limits when credit reporting agencies may sell consumer credit reports as mortgage trigger leads to third parties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr2808 - Kohls v. Bonta (California election deepfake laws) (No. 2:24-cv-02527). United States (federal), U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California. ruling, Ruled (last action 2025-08-29: Order granting summary judgment and permanent injunction on AB 2839). Topics: deepfakes, elections, platforms. The court permanently enjoined California's AB 2655, which required platforms to block or label deceptive election deepfakes, as preempted by Section 230, and permanently enjoined AB 2839 against the plaintiffs. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-kohls-v-bonta - Maintaining American Superiority by Improving Export Control Transparency Act (H.R. 1316). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. law, Enacted (last action 2025-08-19: Became Public Law 119-34). Votes: House voice vote; Senate unanimous consent. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: chips. Requires the Bureau of Industry and Security to report annually to Congress on export control licensing. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr1316 - NetChoice, LLC v. Fitch (No. 25A97). United States (federal), Supreme Court of the United States. ruling, Ruled (last action 2025-08-14: Application to vacate stay denied). Votes: Application denied; Kavanaugh concurring. Topics: online-safety, platforms. The Supreme Court denied NetChoice's application to vacate a Fifth Circuit stay, allowing Mississippi's social media age verification law to be enforced while litigation continues. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-netchoice-v-fitch - Telecom Cybersecurity Transparency Act (S. 2480). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2025-07-29: Held at the desk.). Votes: Senate unanimous consent. Sponsors: D. Topics: cybersecurity, telecom. Would require DHS to publicly release its unclassified report on U.S. telecommunications network security threats. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s2480 - Accelerating Federal Permitting of Data Center Infrastructure (Executive Order 14318). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2025-07-28: Published in the Federal Register, 90 FR 35385). Sponsors: R. Topics: datacenters, ai. Directs agencies to speed federal permitting and provide federal land and financing support for large AI data center projects and their power infrastructure. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14318 - Preventing Woke AI in the Federal Government (Executive Order 14319). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2025-07-28: Published in the Federal Register, 90 FR 35389). Sponsors: R. Topics: government-ai, ai. Requires federal agencies to procure only large language models that meet truth seeking and ideological neutrality principles. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14319 - Promoting the Export of the American AI Technology Stack (Executive Order 14320). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2025-07-28: Published in the Federal Register, 90 FR 35393). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, chips. Creates an American AI Exports Program to promote exports of full stack U.S. AI technology packages to allies and partners. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14320 - America's AI Action Plan. United States (federal), The White House. strategy, Adopted (last action 2025-07-23: Released by the White House). Topics: ai, datacenters, chips. White House plan with more than 90 federal actions to speed AI innovation, build AI infrastructure and lead in international AI diplomacy and security. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-strategy-2025-07-23-ai-action-plan - Advancing United States Leadership in Artificial Intelligence Infrastructure (Executive Order 14141). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, Withdrawn (last action 2025-07-23: Revoked by Executive Order 14318). Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters, ai. Directed agencies to lease federal sites for large AI data centers and clean power, with security and cost conditions for developers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14141 - GENIUS Act (S. 1582). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. law, Enacted (last action 2025-07-18: Became Public Law 119-27). Votes: Senate cloture on motion to proceed 48-49 (not invoked); Senate 68-30; House 308-122. Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Creates a federal regulatory framework for payment stablecoins, including issuer licensing, one to one reserve backing and disclosure requirements. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s1582 - Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act (H.R. 1919). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2025-07-17: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 219 - 210.). Votes: House 219-210. Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto, privacy. Would bar the Federal Reserve from offering accounts or products directly to individuals or issuing a central bank digital currency. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr1919 - Too Big to Prosecute?: Examining the AI Industry's Mass Ingestion of Copyrighted Works for AI Training. United States (federal), U.S. Congress. hearing, In committee (last action 2025-07-16: Hearing held). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, copyright. Senate subcommittee hearing on AI companies' use of copyrighted works, including pirated books, to train models. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hearing-2025-07-16-ai-copyright-ingestion - Consumer Safety Technology Act (H.R. 1770). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2025-07-15: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.). Votes: House 336-36. Sponsors: D. Topics: government-ai, crypto. Would set up a pilot program on using artificial intelligence at the Consumer Product Safety Commission and require reports on blockchain and digital tokens. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr1770 - NTIA Policy and Cybersecurity Coordination Act (H.R. 1766). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2025-07-15: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.). Votes: House voice vote. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: cybersecurity, telecom. Would create an Office of Policy Development and Cybersecurity within NTIA. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr1766 - Understanding Cybersecurity of Mobile Networks Act (H.R. 1709). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2025-07-15: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.). Votes: House 360-10. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: cybersecurity, telecom. Would require NTIA to examine the cybersecurity of mobile networks and their exposure to attacks and surveillance by adversaries. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr1709 - State AI law moratorium in the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (H.R. 1, Sec. 43201). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. proposal, Failed (last action 2025-07-04: H.R. 1 signed into law as Public Law 119-21 without the AI moratorium). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. House passed reconciliation provision that would have barred states and localities from enforcing laws regulating AI models and systems for 10 years; the Senate struck it 99-1. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr1-ai-moratorium - Kids Off Social Media Act (S. 278). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2025-06-30: Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 108.). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would bar social media platforms from allowing children under 13 to hold accounts and limit algorithmic feeds for users under 17. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s278 - Free Speech Coalition, Inc. v. Paxton (No. 23-1122). United States (federal), Supreme Court of the United States. ruling, Ruled (last action 2025-06-27: Opinion issued). Votes: 6-3. Topics: online-safety. The Supreme Court upheld Texas's age verification requirement for websites with sexually explicit material, holding that it survives intermediate scrutiny. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-free-speech-coalition-v-paxton - FCC v. Consumers' Research (No. 24-354). United States (federal), Supreme Court of the United States. ruling, Ruled (last action 2025-06-27: Opinion issued). Votes: 6-3. Topics: telecom. The Supreme Court held that the Universal Service Fund contribution scheme that pays for rural and school broadband does not violate the nondelegation doctrine. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-fcc-v-consumers-research - Kadrey v. Meta Platforms, Inc. (No. 3:23-cv-03417). United States (federal), U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. ruling, Ruled (last action 2025-06-25: Order on cross-motions for partial summary judgment). Topics: copyright, ai. The court granted Meta partial summary judgment that training its Llama models on the plaintiff authors' books was fair use on the record presented, denying the authors' own motion. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-kadrey-v-meta - Deploying American Blockchains Act of 2025 (H.R. 1664). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2025-06-24: Received in the Senate.). Votes: House voice vote. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: crypto. Would require the Department of Commerce to support U.S. leadership in blockchain and distributed ledger technology. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr1664 - Further Extending the TikTok Enforcement Delay (Executive Order 14310). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2025-06-24: Published in the Federal Register, 90 FR 26913). Sponsors: R. Topics: platforms. Further extended the TikTok enforcement delay by 90 days. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14310 - Bartz v. Anthropic PBC (order on fair use) (No. 4:24-cv-05417). United States (federal), U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. ruling, Ruled (last action 2025-06-23: Order on fair use issued). Topics: copyright, ai. The court held that training AI models on lawfully acquired books was fair use but that Anthropic's copying and keeping of pirated books in a central library was not, sending that claim toward trial. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-bartz-v-anthropic-fair-use - Sustaining Select Efforts To Strengthen the Nation's Cybersecurity and Amending Executive Order 13694 and Executive Order 14144 (Executive Order 14306). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2025-06-11: Published in the Federal Register, 90 FR 24723). Sponsors: R. Topics: cybersecurity. Amends Executive Orders 13694 and 14144 to narrow and revise earlier federal cybersecurity directives. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14306 - AI Regulation and the Future of US Leadership. United States (federal), U.S. Congress. hearing, In committee (last action 2025-05-21: Hearing held). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. House subcommittee hearing on federal AI regulation, held during debate over a proposed moratorium on state AI laws. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hearing-2025-05-21-ai-regulation-us-leadership - TAKE IT DOWN Act (S. 146). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. law, Enacted (last action 2025-05-19: Became Public Law 119-12). Votes: Senate unanimous consent; House 409-2. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety, platforms. Criminalizes publishing nonconsensual intimate images, including AI generated deepfakes, and requires covered platforms to remove them within 48 hours of a valid request. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s146 - AI Whistleblower Protection Act (S. 1792). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2025-05-15: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.). Topics: ai. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s1792 - Disapproval of the CFPB digital payment apps supervision rule (S.J.Res. 28). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. law, Enacted (last action 2025-05-09: Became Public Law 119-11). Votes: Senate 51-47; House 219-211. Sponsors: R. Topics: platforms, data. Nullifies the CFPB rule that would have placed large digital consumer payment apps under federal supervision. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-sjres28 - Winning the AI Race: Strengthening U.S. Capabilities in Computing and Innovation. United States (federal), U.S. Congress. hearing, In committee (last action 2025-05-08: Hearing held). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, chips. Senate Commerce Committee hearing on U.S. competitiveness in AI computing and innovation with technology industry executives. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hearing-2025-05-08-winning-the-ai-race - Chip Security Act (S. 1705). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Introduced (last action 2025-05-08: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.). Sponsors: R. Topics: chips, ai. Senate version of the bill requiring location verification and other security mechanisms on export controlled advanced chips. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s1705 - ROUTERS Act (H.R. 866). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2025-04-29: Received in the Senate.). Votes: House voice vote. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: cybersecurity, telecom. Would require NTIA to study national security risks posed by consumer routers and modems linked to foreign adversaries. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr866 - Advancing Artificial Intelligence Education for American Youth (Executive Order 14277). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2025-04-28: Published in the Federal Register, 90 FR 17519). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. Establishes a White House task force and programs to promote AI education and AI literacy for students and teachers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14277 - Disapproval of the IRS DeFi broker reporting rule (H.J.Res. 25). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. law, Enacted (last action 2025-04-10: Became Public Law 119-5). Votes: House 292-132; Senate 70-28. Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Nullifies the IRS rule that would have required decentralized finance platforms to report digital asset sales as brokers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hjres25 - Converting Energy into Intelligence: the Future of AI Technology, Human Discovery, and American Global Competitiveness. United States (federal), U.S. Congress. hearing, In committee (last action 2025-04-09: Hearing held). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, datacenters. House Energy and Commerce Committee hearing on the energy needs of AI and U.S. competitiveness. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hearing-2025-04-09-converting-energy-into-intelligence - NO FAKES Act of 2025 (S. 1367). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Introduced (last action 2025-04-09: Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: deepfakes, copyright, ai. Would create a federal right protecting individuals' voice and visual likeness from unauthorized AI generated digital replicas. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-s1367 - Extending the TikTok Enforcement Delay (Executive Order 14258). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2025-04-09: Published in the Federal Register, 90 FR 15209). Sponsors: R. Topics: platforms. Extended the TikTok enforcement delay until June 19, 2025. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14258 - Accelerating Federal Use of AI through Innovation, Governance, and Public Trust (OMB M-25-21). United States (federal), The White House. strategy, Adopted (last action 2025-04-03: Issued by OMB). Topics: government-ai. OMB memo directing agencies to accelerate AI adoption while keeping chief AI officers and minimum practices for high impact AI. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-omb-m-25-21 - Advancing Governance, Innovation, and Risk Management for Agency Use of Artificial Intelligence (OMB M-24-10). United States (federal), The White House. strategy, Withdrawn (last action 2025-04-03: Replaced by OMB M-25-21). Topics: government-ai. OMB memo that required federal agencies to name chief AI officers, inventory AI uses and apply minimum risk practices to rights and safety impacting AI. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-omb-m-24-10 - Advancing the Responsible Acquisition of Artificial Intelligence in Government (OMB M-24-18). United States (federal), The White House. strategy, Withdrawn (last action 2025-04-03: Replaced by OMB M-25-22). Topics: government-ai. OMB memo that set requirements for how federal agencies buy AI systems and services. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-omb-m-24-18 - Driving Efficient Acquisition of Artificial Intelligence in Government (OMB M-25-22). United States (federal), The White House. strategy, Adopted (last action 2025-04-03: Issued by OMB). Topics: government-ai. OMB memo setting rules for federal agencies to buy AI efficiently with a preference for American made AI. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-omb-m-25-22 - Thaler v. Perlmutter (No. 23-5233). United States (federal), U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. ruling, Ruled (last action 2025-03-18: Opinion issued). Topics: copyright, ai. The D.C. Circuit held that the Copyright Act requires human authorship and upheld the Copyright Office's refusal to register a work created autonomously by an AI system. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-thaler-v-perlmutter - Establishment of the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and United States Digital Asset Stockpile (Executive Order 14233). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2025-03-11: Published in the Federal Register, 90 FR 11789). Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Creates a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and a U.S. Digital Asset Stockpile funded with forfeited government holdings. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14233 - Directing the Secretary of Homeland Security to transmit to the House of Representatives certain documents relating to Department of Homeland Security policies and activities related to domestic preparedness and collective response to terrorism and the Department's cybersecurity activities. (H.Res. 114). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. resolution, In committee (last action 2025-03-04: Placed on the House Calendar, Calendar No. 6.). Topics: cybersecurity. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hres114 - Federal Contractor Cybersecurity Vulnerability Reduction Act of 2025 (H.R. 872). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2025-03-04: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.). Votes: House voice vote. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: cybersecurity. Would require certain federal contractors to adopt vulnerability disclosure policies for their information systems. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hr872 - Expressing support for blockchain technology and digital assets. (H.Res. 111). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. resolution, In committee (last action 2025-02-05: Referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committees on Financial Services, and Agriculture, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.). Topics: crypto. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-119-hres111 - Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence (Executive Order 14179). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2025-01-31: Published in the Federal Register, 90 FR 8741). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. Declared a policy of sustaining U.S. AI dominance, ordered review of actions taken under Executive Order 14110 and required an AI action plan within 180 days. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14179 - Strengthening American Leadership in Digital Financial Technology (Executive Order 14178). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2025-01-31: Published in the Federal Register, 90 FR 8647). Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Revoked the 2022 digital assets executive order, created a working group on digital asset policy and barred agencies from promoting a central bank digital currency. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14178 - Application of Protecting Americans From Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act to TikTok (Executive Order 14166). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2025-01-30: Published in the Federal Register, 90 FR 8611). Sponsors: R. Topics: platforms. Directed the Attorney General not to enforce the TikTok divestiture law for 75 days while the administration sought a resolution. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14166 - Initial Rescissions of Harmful Executive Orders and Actions (Executive Order 14148). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2025-01-28: Published in the Federal Register, 90 FR 8237). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. Revoked dozens of prior executive orders, including Executive Order 14110 on safe, secure and trustworthy AI. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14148 - Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence (Executive Order 14110). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, Withdrawn (last action 2025-01-20: Revoked by Executive Order 14148). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, government-ai. Set a government wide agenda for safe AI development, including reporting duties for developers of powerful models, NIST standards work and agency guidance. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14110 - TikTok Inc. v. Garland (No. 24-656). United States (federal), Supreme Court of the United States. ruling, Ruled (last action 2025-01-17: Opinion issued). Votes: 9-0 per curiam. Topics: platforms, data. The Supreme Court upheld the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act, rejecting TikTok's First Amendment challenge to the divest-or-ban law. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-tiktok-v-garland - Strengthening and Promoting Innovation in the Nation's Cybersecurity (Executive Order 14144). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2025-01-17: Published in the Federal Register, 90 FR 6755). Sponsors: D. Topics: cybersecurity. Set federal cybersecurity requirements for software vendors, agency systems and critical infrastructure, including uses of AI for cyber defense. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14144 - Ohio Telecom Association v. FCC (net neutrality) (No. 24-7000 (In re MCP No. 185)). United States (federal), U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. ruling, Ruled (last action 2025-01-02: Opinion issued). Topics: telecom. The Sixth Circuit set aside the FCC's 2024 Safeguarding and Securing the Open Internet Order, holding that broadband internet access is an information service rather than a telecommunications service. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-ohio-telecom-v-fcc - Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (H.R. 5009). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. law, Enacted (last action 2024-12-23: Became Public Law 118-159). Votes: House 281-140; Senate 85-14. Topics: government-ai, ai. Annual defense authorization law for fiscal year 2025 that includes provisions on Department of Defense artificial intelligence programs. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-hr5009 - Future of Artificial Intelligence Innovation Act of 2024 (S. 4178). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2024-12-18: Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 725.). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: ai. Would establish AI standards, metrics and evaluation work at NIST, including an AI Safety Institute, and support AI testbeds and research. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-s4178 - Federal A.I. Governance and Transparency Act of 2024 (H.R. 7532). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2024-12-18: Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 740.). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: government-ai. Would set requirements for federal agency use and procurement of artificial intelligence, including inventories and transparency measures. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-hr7532 - CREATE AI Act of 2024 (S. 2714). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2024-12-17: Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 721.). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: ai. Senate version of the bill to establish the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource for shared AI research computing and data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-s2714 - TAKE IT DOWN Act (S. 4569). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2024-12-04: Held at the desk.). Votes: Senate voice vote. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety. Would criminalize publishing nonconsensual intimate images, including AI generated deepfakes, and require platforms to remove them within 48 hours of a valid request. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-s4569 - Building Chips in America Act of 2023 (S. 2228). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. law, Enacted (last action 2024-10-02: Became Public Law 118-105). Votes: Senate unanimous consent; House 257-125. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: chips. Exempts certain CHIPS Act funded semiconductor manufacturing projects from National Environmental Policy Act review. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-s2228 - Oversight of AI: Insiders' Perspectives. United States (federal), U.S. Congress. hearing, In committee (last action 2024-09-17: Hearing held). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Senate subcommittee hearing with former AI company employees on AI safety practices and oversight. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hearing-2024-09-17-oversight-of-ai-insiders - CREATE AI Act of 2023 (H.R. 5077). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2024-09-11: Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by Voice Vote.). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: ai. Would establish the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource to give researchers and students access to computing power, data and AI tools. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-hr5077 - Remote Access Security Act (H.R. 8152). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2024-09-10: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.). Votes: House voice vote. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: chips. Would extend U.S. export controls to remote access of controlled items, such as cloud access to advanced computing chips. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-hr8152 - Financial Innovation and Technology for the 21st Century Act (H.R. 4763). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2024-09-09: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.). Votes: House 279-136. Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Would set a regulatory framework for digital assets that divides oversight between the CFTC and the SEC. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-hr4763 - NetChoice, LLC v. Bonta (California Age-Appropriate Design Code Act) (No. 23-2969). United States (federal), U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. ruling, Ruled (last action 2024-08-16: Opinion issued). Topics: online-safety, privacy. The Ninth Circuit upheld the injunction against the California Age-Appropriate Design Code Act's requirement that businesses assess and mitigate risks of harmful content to children, and vacated the rest of the injunction. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-netchoice-v-bonta-aadc-2024 - Kids Online Safety and Privacy Act (S. 2073). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2024-07-31: Message on Senate action sent to the House.). Votes: Senate 91-3. Topics: online-safety, privacy, platforms. Senate package combining the Kids Online Safety Act and COPPA 2.0 that sets a duty of care for platforms toward minors and extends online privacy protections to teens. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-s2073 - DEFIANCE Act of 2024 (S. 3696). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2024-07-24: Held at the desk.). Votes: Senate voice vote. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety. Would create a federal civil remedy for people depicted in sexually explicit deepfakes made or shared without consent. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-s3696 - Disapproval of SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 121 (H.J.Res. 109). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. resolution, Vetoed (last action 2024-07-11: On passage, the objections of the President to the contrary notwithstanding Failed by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 228 - 184.). Votes: House 228-182; Senate 60-38; House veto override failed 228-184. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: crypto. Joint resolution to nullify SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 121 on how firms account for crypto assets they hold for customers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-hjres109 - Moody v. NetChoice, LLC (No. 22-277 (with No. 22-555, NetChoice v. Paxton)). United States (federal), Supreme Court of the United States. ruling, Ruled (last action 2024-07-01: Opinion issued). Votes: 9-0 judgment. Topics: platforms. The Supreme Court vacated appellate rulings on Florida and Texas laws regulating large social media platforms' content moderation and remanded the facial First Amendment challenges for proper analysis. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-moody-v-netchoice - Murthy v. Missouri (No. 23-411). United States (federal), Supreme Court of the United States. ruling, Ruled (last action 2024-06-26: Opinion issued). Votes: 6-3. Topics: platforms. The Supreme Court held that the states and social media users lacked standing to seek an injunction against federal officials over alleged pressure on platforms to moderate content. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-murthy-v-missouri - American Privacy Rights Act of 2024 (H.R. 8818). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Introduced (last action 2024-06-25: Referred to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce.). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: privacy, data. Would create a comprehensive federal consumer data privacy standard with data minimization rules, rights to access, correct and delete data, and preemption of many state privacy laws. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-hr8818 - CBDC Anti-Surveillance State Act (H.R. 5403). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2024-06-03: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.). Votes: House 216-192. Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto, privacy. Would bar the Federal Reserve from issuing a central bank digital currency directly to individuals. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-hr5403 - Protect Elections from Deceptive AI Act (S. 2770). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2024-05-15: Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 388.). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: elections, deepfakes. Would ban distributing materially deceptive AI generated audio or visual media of federal candidates to influence elections. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-s2770 - REPORT Act (S. 474). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. law, Enacted (last action 2024-05-07: Became Public Law 118-59). Votes: Senate unanimous consent; House voice vote. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Expands online service providers' duties to report child sexual exploitation to NCMEC and lengthens evidence preservation periods. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-s474 - Privacy Enhancing Technology Research Act (H.R. 4755). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2024-04-30: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.). Votes: House 354-36. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: privacy. Directs the National Science Foundation to support research on privacy enhancing technologies. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-hr4755 - Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act and Protecting Americans' Data from Foreign Adversaries Act (enacted in H.R. 815) (H.R. 815). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. law, Enacted (last action 2024-04-24: Became Public Law 118-50). Votes: Senate 79-18 on final passage (Senate agreed to House amendment). Topics: platforms, data, privacy. National security supplemental law whose Division H requires ByteDance to divest TikTok or face a U.S. ban and whose Division I bars data brokers from selling Americans' sensitive data to foreign adversaries. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-hr815 - Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act (H.R. 7888). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. law, Enacted (last action 2024-04-20: Became Public Law 118-49). Votes: House 273-147; Senate 60-34. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy. Reauthorizes Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act for two years with changes to FBI query procedures and oversight. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-hr7888 - Fourth Amendment Is Not For Sale Act (H.R. 4639). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2024-04-18: Received in the Senate.). Votes: House 219-199. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: privacy, data. Would bar law enforcement and intelligence agencies from buying Americans' personal data from data brokers without a court order. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-hr4639 - American Privacy Rights Act discussion draft. United States (federal), U.S. Congress. proposal, Proposed (last action 2024-04-07: Discussion draft released by Sen. Maria Cantwell and Rep. Cathy McMorris Rodgers). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: privacy, data. Bipartisan, bicameral discussion draft of a comprehensive federal data privacy law released by the chairs of the Senate Commerce and House Energy and Commerce committees. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-apra-discussion-draft - Protecting Americans’ Data from Foreign Adversaries Act of 2024 (H.R. 7520). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2024-03-21: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.). Votes: House 414-0. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: data, privacy. Bars data brokers from selling or transferring Americans' sensitive personal data to foreign adversary countries or entities they control; its text was later enacted through H.R. 815. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-hr7520 - Lindke v. Freed (No. 22-611). United States (federal), Supreme Court of the United States. ruling, Ruled (last action 2024-03-15: Opinion issued). Votes: 9-0. Topics: platforms. The Supreme Court set the test for when a public official who blocks people on a personal social media page is engaged in state action. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ruling-lindke-v-freed - Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act (H.R. 7521). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2024-03-14: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.). Votes: House 352-65. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: platforms, data. Standalone House bill requiring ByteDance to divest TikTok or face a U.S. app store and hosting ban; its text was later enacted through H.R. 815. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-hr7521 - Preventing Access to Americans' Bulk Sensitive Personal Data and United States Government-Related Data by Countries of Concern (Executive Order 14117). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2024-03-01: Published in the Federal Register, 89 FR 15421). Sponsors: D. Topics: data, privacy. Directs the Justice Department to restrict transfers of Americans' bulk sensitive personal data and government related data to countries of concern. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14117 - Moving Americans Privacy Protection Act (H.R. 1568). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. law, Enacted (last action 2024-02-09: Became Public Law 118-39). Votes: House voice vote; Senate unanimous consent. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: privacy. Requires U.S. Customs and Border Protection to protect personal information of individuals in vessel manifests for household goods shipments. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-hr1568 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (H.R. 2670). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. law, Enacted (last action 2023-12-22: Became Public Law 118-31). Votes: Senate 87-13; House 310-118. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: government-ai, ai. Annual defense authorization law for fiscal year 2024 that includes provisions on Department of Defense adoption and oversight of artificial intelligence. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-hr2670 - Children and Teens’ Online Privacy Protection Act (S. 1418). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2023-12-13: Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 288.). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: privacy, online-safety. Would extend children's online privacy protections to teens under 17, ban targeted advertising to minors and tighten the COPPA knowledge standard. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-s1418 - Kids Online Safety Act (S. 1409). United States (federal), U.S. Congress. bill, In committee (last action 2023-12-13: Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 287.). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would set a duty of care for covered online platforms to prevent specified harms to minors and require safeguards, parental tools and independent audits. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-118-s1409 - Modernizing United States Spectrum Policy and Establishing a National Spectrum Strategy (Presidential Memorandum (88 FR 80079)). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2023-11-17: Published in the Federal Register, 88 FR 80079). Sponsors: D. Topics: telecom. Establishes a national spectrum strategy and updates federal spectrum management policy. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-pm-2023-11-13-2023-25627 - Oversight of A.I.: Legislating on Artificial Intelligence. United States (federal), U.S. Congress. hearing, In committee (last action 2023-09-12: Hearing held). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Senate subcommittee hearing on legislative proposals to regulate artificial intelligence. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hearing-2023-09-12-oversight-of-ai-legislating - Addressing United States Investments in Certain National Security Technologies and Products in Countries of Concern (Executive Order 14105). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2023-08-11: Published in the Federal Register, 88 FR 54867). Sponsors: D. Topics: chips, ai. Establishes a program to prohibit or require notice of U.S. investments in Chinese semiconductors, quantum technologies and AI systems. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14105 - Oversight of A.I.: Principles for Regulation. United States (federal), U.S. Congress. hearing, In committee (last action 2023-07-25: Hearing held). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Senate subcommittee hearing on principles for regulating artificial intelligence. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hearing-2023-07-25-oversight-of-ai-principles - Oversight of A.I.: Rules for Artificial Intelligence. United States (federal), U.S. Congress. hearing, In committee (last action 2023-05-16: Hearing held). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Senate subcommittee hearing on rules for artificial intelligence at which OpenAI chief executive Sam Altman testified. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hearing-2023-05-16-oversight-of-ai-rules - Prohibition on Use by the United States Government of Commercial Spyware That Poses Risks to National Security (Executive Order 14093). United States (federal), The White House. executive-order, In force (last action 2023-03-30: Published in the Federal Register, 88 FR 18957). Sponsors: D. Topics: cybersecurity, privacy. Bars federal agencies from operational use of commercial spyware that poses national security or counterintelligence risks. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-eo-14093 ## U.S. states - Responsible Data Center Development in Maryland (EO 01.01.2026.16). Maryland, Governor of Maryland. executive-order, In force (last action 2026-09-23: Signed by Governor Wes Moore, effective immediately). Effective 2026-09-23. Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Sets state requirements for large data center proposals on ratepayer protection, community engagement, public developer commitments and transparency. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-md-2026-eo-0101202616 - Executive Order to Create Illinois Artificial Intelligence Cabinet (EO 2026-07). Illinois, Governor of Illinois. executive-order, Adopted (last action 2026-09-22: Signed by Governor Pritzker and filed with the Secretary of State). Effective 2026-09-22. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, government-ai. Creates an Illinois Artificial Intelligence Cabinet to advise the state on AI safety, incident response and safeguards for public assets and infrastructure. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-il-2026-eo-2026-07 (unverified) - CEQA: Data Centers and Geothermal Projects (SB 887). California, California Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-09-21: Signed by the governor; Chapter 439, Statutes of 2026). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Senate 29-9, Senate concurrence 29-8. Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Bars CEQA categorical exemptions for data center projects and lets the governor certify qualifying data center projects as environmental leadership development projects. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-sb887 - Data Centers: Rate Structures (SB 1168). California, California Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-09-21: Signed by the governor; Chapter 440, Statutes of 2026). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Senate 30-9, Assembly 78-0, Senate concurrence 38-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Requires the Public Utilities Commission to assess rate structures so that data centers pay a reasonable share of transmission, distribution and procurement costs tied to their loads. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-sb1168 - Data Centers: Reporting (AB 1577). California, California Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-09-21: Signed by the governor; Chapter 434, Statutes of 2026). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Assembly 57-16, Senate 29-10, Assembly concurrence 58-11. Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Requires data center owners or operators to report information such as location, size, power usage effectiveness and onsite generator fuel use to the California Energy Commission. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab1577 - Data Centers: Water Use Disclosures (AB 2469). California, California Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-09-21: Signed by the governor; Chapter 436, Statutes of 2026). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Assembly 61-14, Senate 28-9, Assembly concurrence 61-12. Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Bars cities and counties from approving permits for new or expanded data centers unless the applicant provides prescribed water use information and other conditions are met. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab2469 - Electricity: Data Centers (AB 2383). California, California Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-09-21: Signed by the governor; Chapter 435, Statutes of 2026). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Assembly 69-3, Senate 28-9, Assembly concurrence 67-2. Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Requires each electrical corporation to file transmission, distribution and generation service tariffs for participating data center customers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab2383 - Water Resources: Data Centers (AB 2619). California, California Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-09-21: Signed by the governor; Chapter 437, Statutes of 2026). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Assembly 61-15, Senate 29-9, Assembly concurrence 63-7. Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Requires data center operators to give their water supplier a good faith estimate of expected water use and water source before applying for a local business license or permit. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab2619 - Virginia Data Center Accountability Framework and AI risk initiatives (Executive Order 22) (EO 22). Virginia, Governor of Virginia. executive-order, Adopted (last action 2026-09-18: Signed by Governor Spanberger). Effective 2026-09-18. Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters, ai, government-ai. Bans nondisclosure agreements for data center projects across executive agencies, speeds data center noise rules and backup generator review, and creates an Artificial Intelligence Task Force. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-va-2026-eo-22 - False Advertising: Synthetic Performers (SB 1050). California, California Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-09-16: Signed by the governor; Chapter 246, Statutes of 2026). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Senate 38-0, Senate concurrence 40-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, deepfakes. Makes it an unlawful advertising practice to publish an ad that prominently includes a synthetic performer without a clear and conspicuous disclosure. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-sb1050 - Customer Service Chatbots (AB 1609). California, California Legislature. bill, Passed both (last action 2026-09-14: Enrolled and presented to the governor). Votes: Assembly 56-16, Senate 29-9, Assembly concurrence 58-18. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Would bar large businesses from representing a customer service chatbot as human and require them to offer access to a human agent, generally within 15 minutes of a request. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab1609 - Companion Chatbots: Children's Safety (Adam's Law) (SB 1119). California, California Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-09-10: Signed by the governor; Chapter 190, Statutes of 2026). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Senate 39-0, Senate concurrence 39-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, online-safety. Requires companion chatbot operators, beginning July 1, 2027, to perform and document child safety risk assessments and meet other child safety duties before offering new or substantially modified chatbots in California. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-sb1119 - Covered Platforms: Age Restriction: e-Safety Advisory Commission (AB 1709). California, California Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-09-10: Signed by the governor; Chapter 183, Statutes of 2026). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Assembly 76-0, Senate 39-0, Assembly concurrence 78-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Bars covered platforms from providing addictive features to users under 16, with Attorney General enforcement, and creates an e-Safety Advisory Commission in the Department of Justice. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab1709 - Online Services Accessed by Children (AB 2246). California, California Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-09-10: Signed by the governor; Chapter 187, Statutes of 2026). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Assembly 71-1, Senate 39-0, Assembly concurrence 73-1. Sponsors: D. Topics: online-safety, privacy. Repeals the enjoined Age-Appropriate Design Code Act and replaces it with similar duties requiring online services likely to be accessed by children to take reasonable steps to prevent specified risks of harm. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab2246 - Age Verification Signals: Software Applications (AB 1856). California, California Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-09-10: Signed by the governor; Chapter 184, Statutes of 2026). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Assembly 68-1, Senate 39-0, Assembly concurrence 69-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Amends the Digital Age Assurance Act to revise how operating systems collect age information and send age signals to app stores and app developers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab1856 - Reporting Mechanism: Child Sexual Abuse Material (AB 1946). California, California Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-09-10: Signed by the governor; Chapter 185, Statutes of 2026). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Assembly 75-0, Senate 39-0, Assembly concurrence 78-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Expands social media platform reporting duties for child sexual abuse material to cover intimate depictions of identifiable minors and makes noncompliant platforms liable to depicted individuals. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab1946 - Toys: Companion Chatbots (SB 867). California, California Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-09-10: Signed by the governor; Chapter 189, Statutes of 2026). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Senate 39-0, Senate concurrence 39-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, online-safety. Bans the manufacture or sale in California of toys that include a companion chatbot until January 1, 2031. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-sb867 - Workplace Surveillance Tools (AB 1883). California, California Legislature. bill, Passed both (last action 2026-09-10: Enrolled and presented to the governor). Votes: Assembly 52-12, Senate 28-9, Assembly concurrence 56-8. Sponsors: D. Topics: employment, ai, biometrics. Would bar employers from using AI workplace surveillance tools to collect neural data or recognize workers' emotional states, with civil penalties of up to $500 per violation. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab1883 - Employment: Automated Decision Systems (SB 947). California, California Legislature. bill, Passed both (last action 2026-09-09: Enrolled and presented to the governor). Votes: Senate 29-9, Senate concurrence 28-10. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, employment. Would require employers to give notice about automated decision systems used in employment decisions and bar retaliation against workers who assert their rights, enforced by the Labor Commissioner. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-sb947 - Artificial Intelligence: Auditors: Registration (AB 1405). California, California Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-09-09: Signed by the governor; Chapter 178, Statutes of 2026). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Assembly 62-4, Senate 29-10, Assembly concurrence 60-6. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, government-ai. Requires the Government Operations Agency to create an AI Auditor Registry by January 1, 2029 and bars unregistered AI auditors from conducting covered AI audits. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab1405 - Employment: Technological Displacement: Notice (SB 951). California, California Legislature. bill, Passed both (last action 2026-09-09: Enrolled and presented to the governor). Votes: Senate 28-9, Senate concurrence 29-10. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, employment. Would require Cal/WARN layoff notices to disclose when a mass layoff, relocation or termination is caused in whole or substantial part by AI or other automated technology. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-sb951 - Mental Health Professionals: Artificial Intelligence (SB 903). California, California Legislature. bill, Passed both (last action 2026-09-09: Enrolled and presented to the governor). Votes: Senate 39-0, Senate concurrence 40-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, privacy. Would limit the use of AI in psychotherapy services to administrative or supplementary support and bar training models on psychotherapy data in ways inconsistent with confidentiality law. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-sb903 - Digital Replicas (SB 1111). California, California Legislature. bill, Passed both (last action 2026-09-08: Enrolled and presented to the governor). Votes: Senate 36-0, Assembly 77-1. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, ai. Would clarify that the right of publicity and false impersonation laws cover digital replicas of a person's voice or likeness. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-sb1111 - Use of and disputes over blockchain and digital currencies (HB 639). New Hampshire, New Hampshire General Court. law, In force (last action 2026-09-08: Took effect). Effective 2026-09-08. Votes: House 205-169. Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Sets rules on the use of blockchain technology and digital currencies in New Hampshire and on resolving related disputes. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nh-2025-hb639 - Data Brokers: Deletion Mechanism: Elected Officials and Judges (AB 883). California, California Legislature. bill, Passed both (last action 2026-09-04: Enrolled and presented to the governor). Votes: Assembly 75-0, Senate 39-0, Assembly concurrence 71-2. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Would shorten the Delete Act processing cycle for data brokers from 45 to 30 days and require notice to elected officials and judges that they can use the deletion mechanism. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab883 - SCOPE Act (Securing Children Online through Parental Empowerment) (HB 18). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-09-02: Partially enjoined; Fifth Circuit affirmed the injunctions in part on 2026-07-24 and the attorney general petitioned for rehearing en banc on 2026-09-02). Effective 2024-09-01. Votes: House 125-20, Senate 31-0, House concurred 120-21. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, privacy, platforms. Requires digital service providers to register users' ages, limit collection and use of minors' data, give parents supervision tools, and filter harmful content for known minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2023-hb18 - California AI Transparency Act Revisions (SB 1000). California, California Legislature. bill, Passed both (last action 2026-09-02: Enrolled and presented to the governor). Votes: Senate 33-1, Assembly 72-0, Senate concurrence 39-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, deepfakes. Would recast the California AI Transparency Act, removing the user threshold for covered providers and replacing AI detection tools with disclosure verification tools, as an urgency statute. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-sb1000 - Consumer Privacy: Deletion Requests (SB 923). California, California Legislature. bill, Passed both (last action 2026-09-02: Enrolled and presented to the governor). Votes: Senate 31-0, Assembly 49-14, Senate concurrence 36-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy. Would expand the CCPA right to delete to all personal information a business has collected about a consumer and require businesses to offer an online method for submitting privacy requests. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-sb923 - Delaware Personal Data Privacy Act Amendments (HB 380). Delaware, Delaware General Assembly. law, Enacted (last action 2026-09-02: Signed by Governor). Effective 2027-01-01. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Amends the Delaware Personal Data Privacy Act to align it with other states' laws, including lowering the applicability threshold to entities processing data of at least 15,000 consumers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-de-2025-hb380 - Automated Decisions Safety Act (AB 1018). California, California Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-08-30: Ordered to third reading in the Senate; not passed before the end of the 2026 floor session). Votes: Assembly 50-16. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Would regulate the development and deployment of automated decision systems used to make consequential decisions about people. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab1018 - Companion Chatbots: Children's Safety (AB 2023). California, California Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-08-30: Ordered to inactive file in the Senate; not passed before the end of the 2026 floor session). Votes: Assembly 66-8. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, online-safety. Would have required companion chatbot operators to perform annual child safety risk assessments and audits, with Attorney General reporting and a private right of action for harmed children. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab2023 - Health Care Services: AI Clinical Decision Support (SB 503). California, California Legislature. bill, Passed both (last action 2026-08-30: Enrolled and presented to the governor). Votes: Senate 38-0, Assembly 70-1, Senate concurrence 39-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Would require developers and deployers of AI clinical decision support systems to make reasonable efforts to identify systems with a foreseeable risk of biased impacts and to disclose intended uses and risks. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-sb503 - Civil liability for publishing material harmful to minors on the internet (HB 1839). Missouri, Missouri General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-08-28: Took effect). Effective 2026-08-28. Votes: House 120-19, Senate 32-0, House final 112-25. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Establishes civil liability for publishing or distributing material harmful to minors on the internet. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mo-2026-hb1839 - Pornographic Internet Websites: Depicted Individuals (AB 1705). California, California Legislature. bill, Passed both (last action 2026-08-28: Enrolled and presented to the governor). Votes: Assembly 72-0, Senate 39-0, Assembly concurrence 78-0. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: online-safety, deepfakes. Would require pornographic website operators to take reasonable steps to ensure displayed and uploaded sexually explicit content does not include individuals who did not consent or were minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab1705 - Data center water and energy usage reporting (S3379). New Jersey, New Jersey Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-08-27: Approved, P.L.2026, c.75). Votes: Senate 34-2, Assembly 76-3, Senate concurrence 39-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Requires data center owners and operators to submit semiannual reports to the Board of Public Utilities on their energy and water use. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nj-2026-s3379 - Data Center Developments: Prohibit Nondisclosure Agreements (SB 312). Delaware, Delaware General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-08-26: Signed by Governor). Effective 2026-08-26. Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Bars state agencies, counties and municipalities from signing nondisclosure agreements that keep the public from information about large data center projects of 100 MW or more. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-de-2025-sb312 - Generative AI: Training Data: Copyrighted Materials (AB 412). California, California Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-08-13: Held under submission in Senate Appropriations Committee; did not advance). Votes: Assembly 45-16. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, copyright. Would require generative AI developers to provide a way for rights owners to request information about the developer's use of their copyrighted materials in training. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab412 - New Jersey Kids Code Act (A4015). New Jersey, New Jersey Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-08-11: Approved, P.L.2026, c.73). Votes: Assembly 73-5, Senate 36-4. Sponsors: D. Topics: online-safety, privacy, platforms. Codifies the New Jersey Age-Appropriate Design Code, requiring online services to limit collection of children's data, set high-privacy defaults for minors and restrict engagement-maximizing features. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nj-2026-a4015 - Delete Act (SB 362). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-08-01: Data brokers required to begin processing deletion requests through the Delete Request and Opt-out Platform (DROP)). Effective 2024-01-01. Votes: Senate 32-8, Assembly 52-14, Senate concurrence 31-9. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Requires data brokers to register with the California Privacy Protection Agency and to process consumer deletion requests submitted through a single state-run deletion mechanism. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-sb362 - Nudification technology ban (HF 1606). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-08-01: Took effect). Effective 2026-08-01. Votes: House 132-1, Senate 65-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, ai, online-safety. Bars websites, apps and services from letting users nudify images or videos of identifiable people and from advertising such tools, with a private right of action and attorney general civil penalties up to $500,000 per violation. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf1606 - Virtual currency kiosk ban (SF 3868). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-08-01: Kiosk prohibition took effect). Effective 2026-08-01. Votes: House 127-7, Senate 53-13. Sponsors: D. Topics: crypto. Prohibits installing or operating cryptocurrency kiosks in Minnesota from August 1, 2026, requires operators to remove them and pay out customer funds by December 31, 2026, and repeals the prior kiosk regulations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-sf3868 - Virtual-currency custody services by financial institutions (HF 3709). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-08-01: Took effect). Effective 2026-08-01. Votes: House 119-6, Senate 51-16. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: crypto. Allows Minnesota financial institutions to offer and perform virtual-currency custody services for customers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf3709 - Prohibiting Social Media Manipulation Act and net neutrality (2024 commerce policy omnibus) (SF 4097). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-07-31: NetChoice v. Ellison (D. Minn. 0:25-cv-02741) challenging Minn. Stat. 325M.33 pending; court set a September 15, 2026 deadline for a preliminary injunction motion). Effective 2025-07-01. Votes: House 70-58, Senate 34-32. Sponsors: D. Topics: platforms, online-safety, telecom. Commerce policy omnibus that enacted the Prohibiting Social Media Manipulation Act requiring social media platforms to publicly disclose engagement limits, ranking signals, usage statistics and product experiments, and barred internet service providers from blocking, throttling or paid prioritization of lawful internet traffic. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2023-sf4097 - Stop Addictive Feeds Exploitation (SAFE) for Kids Act (S 7694-A / A 8148-A). New York, New York State Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-07-28: Attorney General and governor announced final implementing rules; the act takes effect 180 days after the rules). Votes: Senate 61-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Bars social media platforms from giving users under 18 algorithmic addictive feeds or overnight notifications without parental consent, with age determination rules set by the Attorney General. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ny-2023-s7694 - Load Forecast Accountability Act (SB 308). Delaware, Delaware General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-07-23: Signed by Governor). Effective 2026-07-23. Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Creates the Load Forecast Accountability Act to scrutinize electricity demand forecasts driven by data centers and other large loads. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-de-2025-sb308 - An Act protecting children from addictive social media feeds (S 3175). Massachusetts, Massachusetts General Court. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-07-15: Passed Senate 38-2; referred to House Ways and Means). Votes: Senate 38-2. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would restrict addictive social media feeds for minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ma-2025-s3175 - Relating to Artificial Intelligence (AI companions) (SB 3001). Hawaii, Hawaii State Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-07-14: Act 248). Votes: Senate 25-0 (final), House none voting no. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, online-safety. Requires AI companion operators to make disclosures, maintain suicide and self-harm response protocols, protect minor users, and report annually to the Department of Health starting in 2028. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hi-2025-sb3001 - Temporary moratorium on new hyperscale data centers (EO 62). New York, Governor of New York. executive-order, Adopted (last action 2026-07-14: Signed by Governor Hochul). Effective 2026-07-14. Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Pauses state environmental permits for new hyperscale data centers for up to one year while the state develops regulatory standards and a generic environmental impact statement. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ny-2026-eo-62 - Relating to Artificial Intelligence (realistic digital imitations) (HB 2137). Hawaii, Hawaii State Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-07-14: Act 247). Votes: Senate 25-0 (final), House 4 voting no. Topics: ai, deepfakes. Prohibits certain harmful uses of AI-generated realistic digital imitations of individuals and provides civil actions and remedies for people injured by them. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hi-2025-hb2137 - Relating to Social Media (account deletion) (HB 1753). Hawaii, Hawaii State Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-07-14: Act 252). Effective 2027-07-01. Votes: Senate 24-0 (final), House none voting no. Topics: privacy, platforms, data. Requires certain social media platforms to let users delete their accounts and permanently erase associated personal information, and bars deceptive practices that obstruct deletion. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hi-2025-hb1753 - AI in Teacher Evaluations (SB 2909). Illinois, Illinois General Assembly. law, Enacted (last action 2026-07-10: Signed by the governor (Public Act 104-0565)). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Senate 55-0, House 113-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, employment. Bars teachers from using AI tools to generate evidence of professional practice used in their evaluations and limits AI use in the teacher evaluation process. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-il-2025-sb2909 - Transparency in Downcoding Act (SB 3114). Illinois, Illinois General Assembly. law, Enacted (last action 2026-07-10: Signed by the governor (Public Act 104-0568)). Effective 2028-01-01. Votes: Senate 59-0, House 111-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Bars health insurers from using automated processes or algorithms that bypass review of the billing professional's information to downcode medical claims. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-il-2025-sb3114 - Social media mental health warning label (2025 health and human services omnibus) (HF 2). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-07-08: NetChoice v. Ellison (D. Minn. 0:26-cv-02405) challenging the warning label pending; state motion to dismiss set for hearing 2026-10-19). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: House 73-58, Senate 34-33. Sponsors: D. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Special session health omnibus that requires social media platforms, starting July 1, 2026, to show a mental health warning label with crisis resources each time a user accesses the platform, under guidelines set by the Department of Health. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025s1-hf2 - Data Center Fair Share: large load customer rules (A796). New Jersey, New Jersey Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-07-07: Signed by the governor). Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Requires electric utilities to create a separate rate class and special rules for large load customers such as data centers so other ratepayers are protected from higher costs. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nj-2026-a796 - Artificial Intelligence Safety Measures Act (SB 315). Illinois, Illinois General Assembly. law, Enacted (last action 2026-07-06: Signed by the governor (Public Act 104-0538)). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Senate 52-5, House 110-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Requires large frontier AI developers to publish and follow safety frameworks, undergo annual independent third-party audits, and report critical safety incidents. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-il-2025-sb315 - Delaware Payment Stablecoins Act (SS 2 for SB 19). Delaware, Delaware General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-07-06: Signed by Governor). Effective 2026-07-06. Sponsors: D. Topics: crypto. Creates a state framework for payment stablecoins and restricts non-financial public companies from issuing them. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-de-2025-sb19 - Georgia Consumer Privacy Protection Act (SB 111). Georgia, Georgia General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-07-01: Effective date (signed as Act 462 on 2026-05-11)). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: Senate 48-0 (final), House 162-1. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, data. Creates a comprehensive consumer data privacy law giving Georgia residents rights over personal data that businesses process. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ga-2025-sb111 - Digital Financial Assets Law (AB 39). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-07-01: Licensing requirement took effect). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: Assembly 70-1, Senate 33-2, Assembly concurrence 75-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: crypto. Requires businesses engaged in digital financial asset activity with California residents to obtain a license from the Department of Financial Protection and Innovation. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-ab39 - Artificial Intelligence and Extended Reality in Schools Pilot Program (HS 1 for HB 404). Delaware, Delaware General Assembly. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-06-30: Passed House). Topics: ai. Would create a pilot program for artificial intelligence and extended reality technology in Delaware schools. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-de-2025-hb404 - Parental Rights in Social Media Act; AI-generated child sexual abuse material (LB 383). Nebraska, Nebraska Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-06-27: Preliminary injunction issued by U.S. District Court for the District of Nebraska against the age verification and parental consent provisions). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: Final Reading 46-3. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms, deepfakes, ai. Requires social media companies to verify ages and obtain parental consent for minors' accounts, and expands child sexual abuse material crimes to cover computer-generated images. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ne-2025-lb383 - Consumer Data Privacy Act (HB 78). Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania General Assembly. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-06-25: Second consideration in the Senate). Votes: House 127-76. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Would create a comprehensive consumer data privacy law giving Pennsylvanians rights to access, correct, delete and opt out of the sale of their personal data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-pa-2025-hb78 - Artificial intelligence in health care (HB 1925). Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania General Assembly. bill, In committee (last action 2026-06-25: Reported as amended from House Communications and Technology; removed from table). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Would regulate the use of AI by health care facilities, insurers and Medicaid managed care plans, including human review of coverage decisions. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-pa-2025-hb1925 - Prohibition on Bots Purchasing Tickets (SB 318). Illinois, Illinois General Assembly. law, Enacted (last action 2026-06-25: Signed by the governor (Public Act 104-0474)). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Senate 57-0, House 117-0, Senate concurred 56-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: platforms. Expands the ban on using bots to buy event tickets and requires event facilities to report known violations to the Attorney General. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-il-2025-sb318 - Disclosure of synthetic advertising content (HB 95). Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania General Assembly. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-06-22: Referred to Senate Communications and Technology). Votes: House 124-78. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, deepfakes. Would require advertisements that use AI-generated synthetic content to disclose it, enforced as an unfair trade practice. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-pa-2025-hb95 - Prohibiting the sale of a child's personal data (HB 1460). New Hampshire, New Hampshire General Court. law, Enacted (last action 2026-06-19: Signed by the governor, Chapter 168). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: House 214-145. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, data, online-safety. Prohibits the sale of personal data of children. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nh-2025-hb1460 - Consumer protections for digital access transaction kiosks (SB 482). New Hampshire, New Hampshire General Court. law, Enacted (last action 2026-06-19: Signed by the governor, Chapter 187). Effective 2026-12-16. Votes: House 214-140. Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Establishes consumer protections for digital asset transaction kiosks such as cryptocurrency ATMs. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nh-2025-sb482 - Sexual Material; Consent; Synthetic Depiction (HB 2133). Arizona, Arizona Legislature. bill, Vetoed (last action 2026-06-19: Vetoed by Governor). Votes: House 35-20 (final), Senate 16-12. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety. Would have set consent requirements for published sexual material, including synthetic depictions. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-az-2026-hb2133 - Crime and Criminal Procedure Omnibus (includes generated child sexual abuse material) (HB 239). Alaska, Alaska Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-06-18: Became law without Governor's signature, Chapter 9 SLA 26). Votes: Senate 20-0, House concurrence 39-1. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety. Omnibus crime law that, among many provisions, addresses generated obscene child sexual abuse material and explicit images of minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ak-2025-hb239 - Massachusetts Data Privacy Act (S 2619). Massachusetts, Massachusetts General Court. bill, Passed both (last action 2026-06-17: House insisted on its amendment; committee of conference appointed (the Senate non-concurred on June 11)). Votes: Senate 40-0, House 146-0. Topics: privacy, data. Would create a comprehensive consumer data privacy law with data minimization rules and limits on selling sensitive data such as location data; the Senate passed S.2619, the engrossed version of S.2516 and S.2608, and the House passed its own amended text. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ma-2025-s2619 - Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act (Act 145 of 2026) (S.71). Vermont, Vermont General Assembly. law, Enacted (last action 2026-06-16: Signed by the Governor; Act 145 of 2026). Effective 2028-01-01. Votes: House 129-3. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data, biometrics. Enacts a comprehensive consumer data privacy law giving Vermonters rights over their personal data and setting duties for controllers and processors, effective January 1, 2028. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-vt-2025-s71 - Disclosure of AI-generated content (SB 806). Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania General Assembly. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-06-12: Referred to House Communications and Technology). Votes: Senate 48-2. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, deepfakes. Would treat distributing AI-generated content without a required disclosure as an unfair method of competition enforceable by the Attorney General. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-pa-2025-sb806 - Age verification and parental consent for apps and developers (SB 175). Ohio, Ohio General Assembly. bill, In committee (last action 2026-06-10: Reported by Senate Financial Institutions, Insurance and Technology Committee as substitute, 9-0). Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would require app stores and developers to verify users' ages and obtain parental consent for minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-oh-2025-sb175 - Data Center Study Commission (HB 646). Ohio, Ohio General Assembly. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-06-10: Recommitted to Senate Energy Committee). Votes: House 97-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: datacenters. Would create a Data Center Study Commission to study the effects of data centers in Ohio. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-oh-2025-hb646 - Large Load Electric Users: Electric Cooperatives Not Required to Supply (SB 276). Delaware, Delaware General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-06-10: Signed by Governor). Effective 2026-06-10. Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Provides that electric cooperatives are not required to supply electricity to large load users with projected monthly demand above 50 MW, such as data centers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-de-2025-sb276 - AI-generated child sexual abuse material (Act 892 of 2026) (SB 42). Louisiana, Louisiana Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-06-09: Signed by the governor (Act 892)). Effective 2026-08-01. Votes: Senate 36-0, Senate conference report 35-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, deepfakes, online-safety. Prohibits using artificial intelligence to create child sexual abuse material. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-la-2026-sb42 - Artificial intelligence in political campaigns (Act 806 of 2026) (HB 459). Louisiana, Louisiana Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-06-09: Signed by the governor (Act 806)). Effective 2026-08-01. Votes: House 67-34, Senate conference report 37-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, deepfakes, elections. Regulates the use of artificial intelligence in political campaign materials. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-la-2026-hb459 - AI companions unsafe features for minors (S 9051-B / A 10379-C). New York, New York State Legislature. bill, Passed both (last action 2026-06-05: Passed Assembly; awaiting action by the governor). Votes: Senate 60-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, online-safety. Would bar operators from offering AI companions with features deemed unsafe for minors, such as simulated emotional relationships or encouragement of self-harm, with a private right of action. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ny-2025-s9051 - New York Fundamental Artificial Intelligence Requirements in News (FAIR News) Act (S 8451-B / A 8962-B). New York, New York State Legislature. bill, Passed both (last action 2026-06-05: Passed Assembly; awaiting action by the governor). Votes: Senate 53-7. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Would require conspicuous disclosure when news content is substantially created with generative AI, enforced by the Attorney General. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ny-2025-s8451 - App Store Accountability Act (SB 2420). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-06-04: Fifth Circuit stayed the district court preliminary injunctions pending appeal, allowing enforcement while the appeal proceeds). Effective 2026-01-01. Votes: Senate 30-1, House 120-9, Senate concurred 30-1. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms, privacy. Requires mobile app stores to verify user ages, obtain parental consent before minors download apps or make purchases, and share age-category data with developers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb2420 - Artificial Intelligence Training Data Transparency Act (A 6578-B / S 6955-A). New York, New York State Legislature. bill, Passed both (last action 2026-06-04: Passed Senate 54-6; awaiting action by the governor). Votes: Senate 54-6. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, copyright, data. Would require developers of generative AI systems offered in New York to post documentation about the data used to train them. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ny-2025-a6578 - Data center moratorium (SB 1018). Michigan, Michigan Legislature. bill, In committee (last action 2026-06-04: Referred to Committee on Government Operations). Sponsors: R. Topics: datacenters. Would impose a moratorium on approvals for and operation of new data centers in Michigan. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mi-2025-sb1018 - Responsible Data Center Development Act (A 11560 / S 10642). New York, New York State Legislature. bill, Passed both (last action 2026-06-04: Passed both houses; awaiting action by the governor). Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Would impose a one-year moratorium on permits for data centers with peak demand of 20 megawatts or more and require utility rate classes, efficiency standards and community benefits for large data centers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ny-2025-a11560 - Stop Deepfakes Act (synthetic content provenance) (S 6954-B / A 6540-E). New York, New York State Legislature. bill, Passed both (last action 2026-06-04: Passed Assembly; awaiting action by the governor). Votes: Senate 60-1. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, deepfakes. Would require providers of synthetic content creation systems to attach provenance data to AI-generated or modified content. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ny-2025-s6954 - Surveillance Pricing Prohibition (A 9349-B / S 8623-B). New York, New York State Legislature. bill, Passed both (last action 2026-06-04: Passed both houses; awaiting action by the governor). Topics: ai, data, privacy. Would ban using algorithms and consumers' personal data to charge different customers different prices for the same goods or services, with exceptions such as loyalty programs. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ny-2025-a9349 - Psychotherapy Artificial Intelligence Restrictions (HB 26-1195). Colorado, Colorado General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-06-03: Signed by the governor). Effective 2026-08-12. Votes: House 62-0, Senate 33-2, House repassed 64-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, online-safety. Bars licensed mental health professionals from using AI to provide therapy without real-time professional oversight and restricts deceptive marketing of AI mental health services. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-co-2026-hb26-1195 - Prohibit Surveillance Price and Wage Setting (HB 26-1210). Colorado, Colorado General Assembly. bill, Vetoed (last action 2026-06-02: Vetoed by the governor). Votes: House 39-24, Senate 19-15, House repassed 41-23. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, data, privacy, employment. Would have banned using surveillance data and algorithms to set individualized prices for consumers or wages for workers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-co-2026-hb26-1210 - Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care (HB 26-1139). Colorado, Colorado General Assembly. law, Enacted (last action 2026-06-02: Signed by the governor). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: House 47-15, Senate 32-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Requires AI tools used in health insurance utilization review to consider individual clinical data and keeps coverage denials under human professional review. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-co-2026-hb26-1139 - Age verification for pornographic sites and apps (HF 864). Iowa, Iowa Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-06-01: Signed by the governor (Acts Chapter 1143)). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: House 88-1, Senate 46-0, House 82-2. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Requires operators of internet sites or applications containing material pornographic for minors to perform reasonable age verification. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ia-2025-hf864 - Conversational Artificial Intelligence Service Operator Requirements (HB 26-1263). Colorado, Colorado General Assembly. law, Enacted (last action 2026-05-29: Signed by the governor). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: House 40-24, Senate 24-11, House repassed 42-22. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: ai, online-safety. Requires operators of conversational AI services to give disclosures and apply safeguards for minor users, including parental tools and limits on sexually explicit and engagement-maximizing content. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-co-2026-hb26-1263 - An Act Concerning Consumer Privacy and Protection (SB 4). Connecticut, Connecticut General Assembly. law, Enacted (last action 2026-05-27: Signed by the governor (Public Act 26-64)). Effective 2026-10-01. Topics: privacy, data, biometrics. Creates data broker registration rules and amends the Connecticut Data Privacy Act, including limits on the sale of precise geolocation data and provisions on facial recognition. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ct-2026-sb4 - An Act Concerning Online Safety (comprehensive AI and chatbot law) (SB 5). Connecticut, Connecticut General Assembly. law, Enacted (last action 2026-05-27: Signed by the governor (Public Act 26-15)). Effective 2026-10-01. Topics: ai, online-safety, deepfakes, employment. Sets safety protocols for AI chatbots with extra protections for minors, whistleblower protections for frontier AI developer employees, disclosure duties for AI products and labeling of AI-generated material. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ct-2026-sb5 - 2026 commerce policy omnibus (automated processing in utilization review) (HF 4188). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-05-27: Signed by the governor, Laws 2026, chapter 124; utilization review provision effective 2027-01-01). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: House 121-13, Senate 49-15. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Commerce omnibus that, among many insurance and consumer provisions, bars health utilization review organizations from using automated processing alone, without clinician review, to make adverse determinations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf4188 - AI-generated images, simulated child pornography and replica identity fraud (SB 163). Ohio, Ohio General Assembly. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-05-27: Referred to House committee). Votes: Senate 30-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, ai, online-safety. Would address AI-generated images, including simulated child sexual abuse material, and identity fraud using replicas of a person. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-oh-2025-sb163 - Curbing Harmful AI Technology (CHAT) Act, enacted as an AI study (SB 1700). Tennessee, Tennessee General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-05-27: Signed by the governor (Public Chapter 1082)). Votes: Senate 31-0, House 90-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, online-safety. Introduced as a chatbot safety and data privacy bill, it was amended and enacted to direct the Tennessee Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations to study regulating AI systems and generative AI chatbots. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tn-2025-sb1700 - AI chatbot harms bill, enacted as an AI study (HB 1455 / SB 1493). Tennessee, Tennessee General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-05-27: Signed by the governor (Public Chapter 1066)). Votes: House 88-0, Senate 27-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, online-safety. Introduced to create a felony for training AI to encourage suicide or homicide, it was amended and enacted to direct the Tennessee Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations to study AI and report by 2027-01-31. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tn-2025-hb1455 - Human services systems modernization (AI tools in state benefit systems) (SF 334). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-05-27: Signed by the governor, Laws 2026, chapter 120). Effective 2026-05-28. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: government-ai. Creates a human services systems modernization fund, advisory council and legislative commission, lists artificial intelligence and other automation tools as eligible uses, and funds an AI chatbot for economic assistance program policy. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-sf334 - Stop Harms from Addictive Social Media (minor accounts) (HF 4138). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-05-26: Signed by the governor, Laws 2026, chapter 111). Effective 2027-07-01. Votes: House 131-2, Senate 66-0. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: online-safety, platforms, privacy. Requires large social media platforms to estimate users' ages, obtain verifiable parental consent for accounts of children 15 and under, set those accounts to the most private settings, and bar addictive features and targeted ads on them. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf4138 - Crime of nonconsensual nudification images (HF 5157). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-05-17: Referred to Public Safety Finance and Policy; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety. Would prohibit the nonconsensual creation, possession and dissemination of nudified images. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf5157 - Artificial Intelligence Data Center Environmental Accountability Act (HB 2239). Missouri, Missouri General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2026-05-15: Referred to House Emerging Issues Committee at end of session). Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters, ai. Would have created the Artificial Intelligence Data Center Environmental Accountability Act. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mo-2026-hb2239 - Minors' use of applications amendments (Act 185 of 2026) (HB 977). Louisiana, Louisiana Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-05-15: Signed by the governor (Act 185)). Votes: House 94-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Amends Louisiana's law on minors' use of applications and app store age verification. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-la-2026-hb977 - Automated Decision-Making Technology (SB 26-189). Colorado, Colorado General Assembly. law, Enacted (last action 2026-05-14: Signed by the governor). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Senate 34-1, House 57-6, Senate repassed 34-1. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, employment, privacy. Repeals and replaces the 2024 Colorado AI Act with notice, explanation, human review and correction rights for consumers affected by automated decision-making technology in consequential decisions. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-co-2026-sb26-189 - Colorado Artificial Intelligence Act (Consumer Protections for Artificial Intelligence) (SB 24-205). Colorado, Colorado General Assembly. law, Enacted (last action 2026-05-14: Repealed and replaced by SB 26-189 before its operative provisions took effect). Votes: Senate 23-11, House 41-2, Senate repassed 28-7. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, employment. Required developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems to use reasonable care to protect consumers from algorithmic discrimination in consequential decisions. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-co-2024-sb24-205 - Data Centers: Labor: Electricity Rates (SB 978). California, California Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-05-14: Held in Senate Appropriations Committee under submission; did not advance). Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Would have required the Public Utilities Commission to establish a special electricity rate structure for data centers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-sb978 - Age verification for websites with material harmful to minors (AB 105). Wisconsin, Wisconsin Legislature. bill, Vetoed (last action 2026-05-13: Failed to pass notwithstanding the objections of the Governor (veto sustained)). Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would have required websites that distribute material harmful to minors to verify users' ages; the Governor vetoed it and the veto was sustained. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wi-2025-ab105 - Ohio Privacy Act (HB 801). Ohio, Ohio General Assembly. bill, In committee (last action 2026-05-13: Referred to House committee). Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Would enact the Ohio Privacy Act, a comprehensive consumer data privacy law. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-oh-2025-hb801 - Election misinformation, disinformation and deepfakes (SB 141). Maryland, Maryland General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-05-12: Approved by the governor (Chapter 444)). Effective 2026-06-01. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, elections, ai. Authorizes the State Administrator of Elections to act on credible reports of election misinformation or disinformation, including deepfakes, and sets related requirements; cross-filed with HB 145. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-md-2026-sb141 - Identity fraud using artificial intelligence and deepfakes (SB 8). Maryland, Maryland General Assembly. law, Enacted (last action 2026-05-12: Approved by the governor (Chapter 445)). Effective 2026-10-01. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, deepfakes. Makes it a crime to use artificial intelligence or deepfake representations of a person to commit identity fraud or cause physical injury, serious emotional distress or economic damage; cross-filed with HB 184. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-md-2026-sb8 - Conversational AI Services Disclosures (Online Internet Safety) (SB 540). Georgia, Georgia General Assembly. law, Enacted (last action 2026-05-11: Signed by Governor, Act 518). Effective 2027-07-01. Votes: Senate 44-1 (final), House 166-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, online-safety. Requires operators of conversational AI services to make certain disclosures to users as an online safety measure. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ga-2025-sb540 - Data Center Customer Ratepayer Protection Act of 2026 (HB 2992). Oklahoma, Oklahoma Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-05-11: Approved by Governor with emergency clause). Votes: House 84-0, Senate 48-0 (conference report). Sponsors: R. Topics: datacenters, crypto. Requires large-load electricity users such as data centers, AI facilities and crypto mining operations to pay their own electricity and infrastructure costs and requires separate billing terms and advance public notice of new large-load projects. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ok-2025-hb2992 - Data Centers (SB 484). Florida, Florida Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-05-08: Chapter No. 2026-65). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: House 92-16, Senate 31-6 (final). Sponsors: R. Topics: datacenters. Sets minimum tariff and service terms for large load customers such as data centers so their costs are not shifted to other utility customers and confirms local land use authority over them. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-fl-2026-sb484 - Consumer health data amendments to the Minnesota Consumer Data Privacy Act (HF 2700). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-05-07: Author added after second reading; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Would amend the Minnesota Consumer Data Privacy Act to treat consumer health data as sensitive data and add protections for sensitive data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf2700 - Digital financial kiosks civil penalties (SF 2296). Iowa, Iowa Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-05-06: Signed by the governor (Acts Chapter 1078)). Effective 2026-05-06. Votes: Senate 44-0, House 95-0. Topics: crypto. Amends Iowa's cryptocurrency kiosk law, including modified civil penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ia-2025-sf2296 - New data center moratorium (HF 4888). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-05-05: Author added; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Would establish a moratorium on new data centers and require a Public Utilities Commission report. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf4888 - Elections Omnibus (SB 64). Alaska, Alaska Legislature. bill, Vetoed (last action 2026-05-04: Governor veto sustained 38-22 in joint session). Votes: Senate concurrence 16-4, House 23-16. Topics: elections. Election administration omnibus bill; Public Citizen reports its election deepfake provision was removed before final passage, and the governor vetoed the bill. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ak-2025-sb64 - Maine Data Center Coordination Council and temporary limitation on certain data centers (LD 307). Maine, Maine Legislature. bill, Vetoed (last action 2026-04-29: Vetoed by the governor; House vote 72-65 failed to reach two-thirds, veto sustained). Votes: Senate 21-13, House veto override 72-65 (failed). Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Would have created a Maine Data Center Coordination Council and placed a temporary limitation on certain large data centers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-me-2025-ld307 - Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights (Special Session D) (SB 2-D). Florida, Florida Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-29: Died in House Information Technology Budget and Policy Subcommittee). Votes: Senate 37-1. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, online-safety, government-ai. Special session version of the AI Bill of Rights that would have set AI consumer protections and limited government AI contracts with certain entities. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-fl-2026sd-sb2-d - Artificially generated material (HB 2035). Missouri, Missouri General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-29: Senate public hearing held; not passed before session ended). Votes: House 142-2. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, ai, online-safety. Would have established and modified provisions relating to artificially generated material, including AI-generated depictions of minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mo-2026-hb2035 - Children's access to AI chatbots and social AI companions (LD 2162). Maine, Maine Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-29: Passed House 104-43; died in Senate when the Legislature adjourned sine die). Votes: House 104-43. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, online-safety. Would have regulated and restricted children's access to AI chatbots with human-like features and social AI companions. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-me-2025-ld2162 - Companion chatbots and minors (SB 760). Michigan, Michigan Legislature. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-04-29: Passed Senate 20-17; received in House). Votes: Senate 20-17. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, online-safety. Would prohibit making companion AI chatbots available to minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mi-2025-sb760 - Michigan Kids Code Act (SB 758). Michigan, Michigan Legislature. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-04-29: Passed Senate 20-17; received in House). Votes: Senate 20-17. Sponsors: D. Topics: online-safety, privacy, platforms. Would create the Michigan Kids Code Act setting privacy and design requirements for online services used by minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mi-2025-sb758 - AI excluded from legal personhood (SB 837). Tennessee, Tennessee General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-04-28: Signed by the governor (Public Chapter 781)). Votes: Senate 26-6, House 93-2. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. Clarifies that a person under Tennessee law does not include artificial intelligence, a computer algorithm, software, computer hardware or any machine. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tn-2025-sb837 - Civil action for nonconsensual intimate images, real or deepfake (SB 2041). Tennessee, Tennessee General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-04-28: Signed by the governor (Public Chapter 712)). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: Senate 32-0, House 82-1. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes. Creates a civil action for people whose intimate images, whether real or deepfake, are intentionally disclosed without consent. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tn-2025-sb2041 - Disclosure of intimate digital depictions (HB 1887). Missouri, Missouri General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-27: Senate public hearing scheduled; not passed before session ended). Votes: House 145-3. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety. Would have created a criminal offense and civil penalties for disclosing intimate digital depictions of a person without consent. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mo-2026-hb1887 - An Act to Exclude Data Centers from the Business Equipment Tax Exemption and the Dirigo Business Incentives Program (LD 713). Maine, Maine Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-04-23: Signed by the governor (Public Law chapter 768)). Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Excludes data centers from the Business Equipment Tax Exemption and the Dirigo Business Incentives Program. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-me-2025-ld713 - Data Privacy: Consumer Data Processing and Rights (HB 351). Alabama, Alabama Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-04-17: Enacted as Act 2026-552). Effective 2027-05-01. Votes: House 104-0, Senate 34-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, data. Creates a comprehensive consumer data privacy law giving residents rights over personal data processed by businesses and authorizing enforcement. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-al-2026-hb351 - Artificial Intelligence in Health Coverage Determinations (SB 63). Alabama, Alabama Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-04-17: Enacted as Act 2026-589). Effective 2026-10-01. Votes: Senate 27-0, House 102-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. Regulates how health care plans use artificial intelligence when making coverage determinations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-al-2026-sb63 - Data Processing Center Tax Abatements (HB 399). Alabama, Alabama Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-04-17: Enacted as Act 2026-573). Effective 2026-06-01. Votes: House 102-0, Senate 32-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: datacenters. Limits the exemption period for data processing center tax abatements, requires collection of certain taxes on purchases, and extends the program sunset. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-al-2026-hb399 - Public Service Commission Review of Large Load Data Center Contracts (SB 270). Alabama, Alabama Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-04-17: Enacted as Act 2026-610). Effective 2026-10-01. Votes: Senate 30-0, House 100-1. Topics: datacenters. Expands Public Service Commission review of electric utility contracts with large load data centers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-al-2026-sb270 - Conversational Artificial Intelligence Safety Act (LB 1185). Nebraska, Nebraska Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-17: Indefinitely postponed at end of session). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, online-safety. Would have adopted the Conversational Artificial Intelligence Safety Act to regulate conversational AI services. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ne-2025-lb1185 - Transparency in Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Act (LB 1083). Nebraska, Nebraska Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-17: Indefinitely postponed at end of session). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. Would have adopted the Transparency in Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Act, created a fund and changed provisions on records that may be withheld from the public. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ne-2025-lb1083 - Artificial Intelligence Public Safety and Child Protection Transparency Act (HB 1898 / SB 2171). Tennessee, Tennessee General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-16: Passed House 94-0; not passed by the Senate before adjournment). Votes: House 94-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, online-safety. Would have enacted the Artificial Intelligence Public Safety and Child Protection Transparency Act; it passed the House but not the Senate before the General Assembly adjourned. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tn-2025-hb1898 - Large Load Customer Regulation Act (LB 1010). Nebraska, Nebraska Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-04-14: Approved by the governor). Votes: Final Reading 49-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: datacenters, crypto. Adopts the Large Load Customer Regulation Act to govern how public power suppliers serve very large electric loads such as data centers, and changes provisions on energy storage and cryptocurrency mining operations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ne-2025-lb1010 - Omnibus bill amending the Age-Appropriate Online Design Code Act and social media deceptive practices (LB 838). Nebraska, Nebraska Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-04-14: Approved by the governor). Votes: Final Reading 46-3. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms, privacy. Omnibus consumer and financial bill that adds duties for covered online services under the Age-Appropriate Online Design Code Act and classifies certain social media platform practices as deceptive trade practices. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ne-2025-lb838 - Maine Online Data Privacy Act (LD 1822). Maine, Maine Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-13: House failed to enact 70-79; Senate insisted; placed in legislative files (dead)). Votes: House 70-79 (failed). Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Would have enacted a comprehensive consumer online data privacy law in Maine. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-me-2025-ld1822 - An Act to Regulate the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Providing Certain Mental Health Services (LD 2082). Maine, Maine Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-04-13: Signed by the governor (Public Law chapter 687)). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Regulates how artificial intelligence may be used in providing certain mental health services. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-me-2025-ld2082 - Automatic content recognition data consent (HB 692). Kentucky, Kentucky General Assembly. law, Enacted (last action 2026-04-13: Signed by the governor (Acts Ch. 118)). Effective 2027-07-01. Votes: House 92-0, Senate 38-0, House concurrence 88-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, data. Amends the Kentucky Consumer Data Protection Act to bar controllers from collecting automatic content recognition data from smart monitors and TVs without consumer consent. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ky-2026-hb692 - Consumer Data Protection Act; precise geolocation data (SB 338). Virginia, Virginia General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-04-13: Approved by the governor (Chapter 820)). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: Senate 39-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Amends the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act to bar controllers from selling consumers' precise geolocation data to third parties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-va-2026-sb338 - Virtual currency kiosk regulation (SB 189). Kentucky, Kentucky General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-04-13: Signed by the governor (Acts Ch. 126)). Effective 2026-07-15. Votes: Senate 37-0, House 81-7. Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Creates a licensing and consumer protection framework for virtual currency kiosk operators under the Department of Financial Institutions. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ky-2026-sb189 - Artificial intelligence; use of systems for student instruction (HB 1186). Virginia, Virginia General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-04-13: Approved by the governor (Chapter 937)). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: House 95-1, Senate 40-0, conference report House 95-0 and Senate 38-1. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, online-safety. Requires the Department of Education to survey AI use in public school instruction, publish AI safety guidance and run an AI innovation in education pilot program. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-va-2026-hb1186 - App Store Accountability Act (SB 372). Kansas, Kansas Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-10: Died on House calendar). Votes: Senate 34-6. Topics: online-safety, platforms, privacy. Would have required app stores and developers to verify ages and obtain parental consent for minors, enforced under the Kansas Consumer Protection Act and a private right of action. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ks-2025-sb372 - Public Utilities, New Large Loads (ratepayer protection) (H 911). Idaho, Idaho Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-04-10: Signed by Governor on April 10, 2026, Session Law Chapter 335). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: House 65-3-2, Senate 34-1-0. Topics: datacenters. Sets Public Utilities Commission rules for serving new large electric loads such as data centers to protect other ratepayers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-id-2026-h911 - Child Sexual Abuse Material; Generated Images; Social Media (HB 47). Alaska, Alaska Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-10: Passed House; in Senate Judiciary when the Legislature adjourned). Votes: House 39-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, deepfakes, online-safety. Would have covered AI-generated child sexual abuse material and addressed related social media conduct. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ak-2025-hb47 - Kansas age-appropriate design code, digital replicas and chatbot transparency (SB 499). Kansas, Kansas Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-10: Died in committee). Topics: online-safety, ai, deepfakes, platforms. Would have enacted an age-appropriate design code for minors, a private right of action over nonconsensual digital replicas and chatbot transparency rules. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ks-2025-sb499 (unverified) - Kansas Community Harmed by AI Technology Act (HB 2671). Kansas, Kansas Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-10: Died in committee). Topics: ai, online-safety. Would have required user accounts, age verification and parental consent for AI chatbot access, content blocking for minors and suicide-risk monitoring. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ks-2025-hb2671 (unverified) - Large load data center drought moratorium (SB 531). Kansas, Kansas Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-10: Died in committee). Topics: datacenters. Would have barred new large load data centers in counties with a drought emergency declared in the preceding three years. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ks-2025-sb531 (unverified) - Artificial intelligence in psychotherapy services (HF 3893). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-09: Author added; pending in Commerce Finance and Policy; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: ai. Would regulate the use of artificial intelligence in psychotherapy services and set civil penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf3893 - Automated decision systems in employment (SF 4689). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-09: Committee report, re-referred to Judiciary and Public Safety; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, employment. Would regulate employers' use of automated decision systems in hiring and other employment decisions. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-sf4689 - Virtual currency kiosk consumer protection act (financial institutions omnibus) (HB 2591). Kansas, Kansas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-04-09: Approved by the governor). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: House 124-0, Senate 40-0, conference report Senate 40-0, House 124-0. Topics: crypto. Enacts the virtual currency kiosk consumer protection act with requirements for kiosk operators and adds protections against financial exploitation of adult account holders. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ks-2025-hb2591 - Cause of action for undisclosed AI-generated content (HB 1747). Missouri, Missouri General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-09: House committee substitute reported do pass; not passed before session ended). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, deepfakes. Would have allowed a person to sue for damages when content generated or modified using artificial intelligence is not disclosed as such. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mo-2026-hb1747 - Artificial intelligence; independent verification organizations study (HB 797). Virginia, Virginia General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-04-08: Approved by the governor (Chapter 425)). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: House 79-19, Senate 40-0, House concurred 84-14. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Directs the Joint Commission on Technology and Science to evaluate a framework for licensing independent verification organizations that assess AI models against safety best practices. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-va-2026-hb797 - Mississippi Keeping Kids Safe Online Act (HB 1224). Mississippi, Mississippi Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-04-08: Approved by the governor (Chapter 454)). Effective 2026-07-01. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Regulates interactive computer service providers offering certain services to minors and directs the Department of Education to publish internet safety resources and a social media safety curriculum. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ms-2026-hb1224 - Virtual currency kiosks (2025 Wisconsin Act 226) (AB 968). Wisconsin, Wisconsin Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-04-08: Enacted as 2025 Wisconsin Act 226; published 2026-04-09). Votes: Senate 33-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Regulates virtual currency kiosks, commonly called crypto ATMs, operating in Wisconsin. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wi-2025-ab968 - Age verification for websites with material harmful to minors (HF 1434). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-07: Authors added; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety. Would require websites with a substantial share of material harmful to minors to verify users' ages, with attorney general enforcement and a private right of action. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf1434 - Minors' access to recreational chatbots (SF 1857). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-07: Second reading in the Senate; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, online-safety. Would bar persons from allowing minors to access AI chatbots for recreational or conversational purposes, with civil penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-sf1857 - RAISE Act (artificial intelligence safety and disclosure) (SF 4509). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-07: Author added; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Would set safety and disclosure requirements for developers of advanced artificial intelligence models, with civil remedies. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-sf4509 - Genetic information in long-term care, life and disability insurance (HF 3701). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-07: Author added; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Would prohibit long-term care, life and disability insurers from using genetic information for certain purposes. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf3701 - Notice and transition period for workers displaced by AI (SF 4576). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-07: Committee report, re-referred to State and Local Government; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, employment. Would require employers to give notice and a transitional employment period to employees displaced by artificial intelligence, with penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-sf4576 - AI companion safeguards (SB 1546). Oregon, Oregon Legislative Assembly. law, Enacted (last action 2026-04-06: Chapter 85, 2026 Laws, effective January 1, 2027). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Senate 28-2 (concurrence), House 52-0. Topics: ai, online-safety. Requires operators of AI companions and companion platforms to notify users that they are interacting with artificial output and adds safeguards for users, including minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-or-2026-sb1546 - AI systems posing as qualified mental health professionals (SB 1580). Tennessee, Tennessee General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-04-06: Signed by the governor (Public Chapter 647)). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: Senate 32-0, House 94-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, online-safety. Bars developing or deploying an AI system that advertises or represents that it is, or can act as, a qualified mental health professional. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tn-2025-sb1580 - Limits on public body data sharing with data brokers (SB 1587). Oregon, Oregon Legislative Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-04-06: Chapter 96, 2026 Laws, effective June 5, 2026). Effective 2026-06-05. Votes: Senate 18-11 (concurrence), House 33-14. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Bars public bodies from giving personally identifiable information to a data broker unless the broker attests it will not pass the data to any entity that will use it to enforce federal immigration law. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-or-2026-sb1587 - Division of Consumer Counsel; artificial intelligence fraud and abuse (HB 580). Virginia, Virginia General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-04-06: Approved by the governor (Chapter 178)). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: House 96-0, Senate 40-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Expands the Division of Consumer Counsel's duties to receive and investigate consumer complaints involving emerging technologies, including AI fraud and abuse. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-va-2026-hb580 - Stop Harms from Addictive Social Media Act (H 542). Idaho, Idaho Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-04-02: Signed by Governor, Session Law Chapter 268). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: House 62-7-1, Senate 21-14-0, House concurrence 62-5-3. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Creates the Stop Harms from Addictive Social Media Act to limit addictive social media features for minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-id-2026-h542 - Data Centers, Water Use for Cooling (H 895). Idaho, Idaho Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-04-02: Signed by Governor, Session Law Chapter 291). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: House 58-10-2, Senate 32-1-2. Topics: datacenters. Limits the consumptive use of water for cooling certain data centers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-id-2026-h895 - Age verification for companion chatbots (HB 2032). Missouri, Missouri General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-02: House committee substitute reported do pass; not passed before session ended). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, online-safety. Would have established age verification measures for companion chatbots. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mo-2026-hb2032 - Addictive online platforms and AI companions (HB 227). Kentucky, Kentucky General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2026-04-01: Passed House; did not receive a Senate vote before the session ended). Votes: House 96-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, online-safety, platforms. Would have required AI companion platforms and social media platforms to verify ages and obtain verifiable parental consent for children, with Attorney General enforcement and a private right of action. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ky-2026-hb227 - Data center tax exemption changes (SB 6231). Washington, Washington State Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-04-01: Governor signed; Chapter 266, 2026 Laws). Effective 2026-06-11. Votes: Senate 26-23, House 51-46. Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Removes the sales and use tax exemption for replacement equipment in data centers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wa-2025-sb6231 - Data center electric service (HB 593). Kentucky, Kentucky General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-31: Passed House; did not receive a Senate vote before the session ended). Votes: House 90-8. Sponsors: R. Topics: datacenters. Would have required electric service to data centers to be provided only under contracts and tariffs meeting set requirements, including application fees and studies to protect other customers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ky-2026-hb593 - Data center utility cost protections (SB 135). South Dakota, South Dakota Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-03-30: Signed by the Governor). Votes: Senate 33-1 (concurrence), House 60-7. Sponsors: R. Topics: datacenters. Protects residents from higher utility costs and shortages caused by data centers and clarifies regulators' authority over data center electric service. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-sd-2026-sb135 - Digitally fabricated intimate materials (SB 41). South Dakota, South Dakota Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-03-30: Signed by the Governor). Votes: Senate 34-0 (concurrence), House 60-6. Topics: deepfakes, privacy. Revises criminal invasion of privacy law to prohibit creating and distributing digitally fabricated intimate materials of identifiable people. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-sd-2026-sb41 - Driver privacy protections (license plate readers) (SB 6002). Washington, Washington State Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-03-30: Governor signed; Chapter 239, 2026 Laws). Effective 2026-03-30. Votes: Senate 39-10, House 84-10. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Regulates automated license plate reader systems and limits how agencies may use and share the data they capture. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wa-2025-sb6002 - PUC assessment of actual costs to data centers (HB 1038). South Dakota, South Dakota Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-03-30: Signed by the Governor). Votes: House 67-0 (concurrence), Senate 32-2. Topics: datacenters. Allows the Public Utilities Commission to assess its actual costs to data centers that are customers of public utilities. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-sd-2026-hb1038 - RAISE Act chapter amendment (S 8828 / A 9449). New York, New York State Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-03-27: Signed by the governor (Chapter 96 of 2026)). Votes: Senate 58-1. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Rewrites the RAISE Act's transparency and safety requirements for frontier AI developers and creates an office in the Department of Financial Services to oversee reporting of critical safety incidents. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ny-2025-s8828 - Responsible AI Safety and Education (RAISE) Act (S 6953-B / A 6453-B). New York, New York State Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-03-27: Repealed and replaced by chapter amendment S 8828 (Chapter 96 of 2026)). Votes: Senate 58-1. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Requires large developers of frontier AI models to adopt and publish safety protocols and to report safety incidents to the state. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ny-2025-s6953 - Excise tax on social media platform businesses (HF 3117). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-26: Author added; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: D. Topics: platforms. Would impose an excise tax on certain social media platform businesses. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf3117 - Minnesota Age-Appropriate Design Code Act (2026) (HF 4511). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-26: Author added; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: D. Topics: online-safety, privacy. Would place obligations on businesses regarding children's personal information and online product design, with attorney general enforcement. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf4511 - Ban on surveillance-based price and wage discrimination (HF 3794). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-25: Heard again in House Commerce Finance and Policy Committee; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data, employment. Would prohibit companies from using data obtained through observation, inference or surveillance to set individualized prices for customers or wages for employees, with exceptions for loyalty programs and group discounts. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf3794 (unverified) - Sexually explicit depictions of minors, including fabricated depictions (SB 5105). Washington, Washington State Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-03-25: Governor signed; Chapter 223, 2026 Laws). Effective 2026-06-11. Votes: Senate 49-0, House 93-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, ai, online-safety. Updates child sexual abuse material offenses to cover fabricated and AI-generated sexually explicit depictions of minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wa-2025-sb5105 - Biometric data consent, sale ban and deletion (HF 4005). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-25: Author added; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: R. Topics: biometrics, privacy. Would require consent before collecting biometric data, prohibit its sale, require deletion, and impose civil penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf4005 - Digital Identity Fraud (SB 594). Georgia, Georgia General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-25: Passed House by substitute; no final Senate agreement). Votes: Senate 50-1, House 159-6. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, cybersecurity. Would have created the criminal offense of digital identity fraud. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ga-2025-sb594 - Video Voyeurism and Explicit Synthetic Media (H 727). Idaho, Idaho Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-03-25: Signed by Governor, Session Law Chapter 121). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: House 68-0-2, Senate 35-0-0. Topics: deepfakes. Revises video voyeurism law and increases the penalty for disclosing explicit synthetic media. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-id-2026-h727 - AI companion chatbot regulation (HB 2225). Washington, Washington State Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-03-24: Governor signed; Chapter 168, 2026 Laws). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: House 74-21, Senate 43-5. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, online-safety. Regulates AI companion chatbots, including disclosure that users are talking to AI and protections for minors and users at risk of self-harm. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wa-2025-hb2225 - AI content provenance disclosure (HB 1170). Washington, Washington State Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-03-24: Governor signed; Chapter 167, 2026 Laws). Effective 2027-02-01. Votes: House 55-38, Senate 46-3. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, deepfakes, platforms. Requires providers of generative AI systems to include provenance disclosures in AI-created or AI-modified image, video and audio content and to offer tools to detect them. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wa-2025-hb1170 - Artificial Intelligence Modifications (Digital Voyeurism Prevention Act) (HB 276). Utah, Utah Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-03-24: Signed by the governor). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: House 66-0, Senate 23-3, House concurred 66-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, ai. Addresses counterfeit intimate images made with AI and sets digital content provenance standards so users can tell whether content was created or altered with AI. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ut-2026-hb276 - Child Sexual Abuse Material Amendments (HB 289). Utah, Utah Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-03-24: Signed by the governor). Effective 2026-05-06. Votes: House 71-0, Senate 25-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, ai, online-safety. Updates child sexual abuse material offenses to cover material generated or altered with artificial intelligence. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ut-2026-hb289 - AI chatbot safety requirements and cause of action (HF 4452). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-23: Author added; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, online-safety. Would set requirements for artificial intelligence chatbot technology and create a cause of action for harm caused by chatbots. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf4452 - An Act Regarding Synthetic Media in Campaign Advertising (LD 517). Maine, Maine Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-03-23: Signed by the governor (Public Law chapter 593)). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, deepfakes, elections. Regulates the use of synthetic media such as deepfakes in campaign advertising, including disclosure requirements. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-me-2025-ld517 - Data Center Water Transparency Amendments (HB 76). Utah, Utah Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-03-23: Signed by the governor). Effective 2026-05-06. Votes: House 72-0, Senate 19-5, House concurred 62-2. Sponsors: R. Topics: datacenters. Requires reporting related to water use by large data centers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ut-2026-hb76 - Oklahoma consumer data privacy law (SB 546). Oklahoma, Oklahoma Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-03-20: Approved by Governor). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Senate 38-7, House 84-4. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, data. Creates a comprehensive consumer data privacy law giving Oklahomans rights to access, correct, delete and opt out of the sale and targeted advertising use of their personal data, with data protection assessments and Attorney General enforcement. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ok-2025-sb546 - AI model developer safety standards (HB 4668). Michigan, Michigan Legislature. bill, In committee (last action 2026-03-19: Committee discharged; re-referred to Committee on Communications and Technology). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. Would set requirements and safety standards for developers of certain large artificial intelligence models. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mi-2025-hb4668 - Online Age Verification Amendments (SB 73). Utah, Utah Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-03-19: Signed by the governor). Effective 2026-05-06. Votes: Senate 22-2, House 66-1. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety. Expands age verification requirements for online providers of material harmful to minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ut-2026-sb73 - Generative Artificial Intelligence in Public Education (S 1227). Idaho, Idaho Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-03-19: Signed by Governor, Session Law Chapter 71). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: Senate 27-6-2 (final), House 62-6-2. Topics: ai, government-ai. Sets provisions for the use of generative artificial intelligence in Idaho public schools. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-id-2026-s1227 - Strategic bitcoin reserve (HB 4087). Michigan, Michigan Legislature. bill, In committee (last action 2026-03-19: Re-referred to Committee on Communications and Technology). Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Would allow the state treasurer to invest part of certain state funds in bitcoin and other digital assets as a strategic reserve. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mi-2025-hb4087 - Ban on artificial intelligence in health utilization review (SF 1856). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-18: Committee report without recommendation; related automated-processing limit enacted in HF 4188; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Would prohibit health carriers and utilization review organizations from using artificial intelligence in the utilization review process. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-sf1856 - Safeguards for AI chatbot interactions with children (SB 1090). Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania General Assembly. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-03-18: Referred to House Communications and Technology). Votes: Senate 49-1. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, online-safety. Would require disclosures and safeguards for AI companion chatbots, including protections for minors, with Attorney General enforcement. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-pa-2025-sb1090 - Utah App Store Accountability Act Amendments (HB 498). Utah, Utah Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-03-18: Signed by the governor; took effect on approval after passing by a two-thirds vote). Effective 2026-03-18. Votes: House 60-5, Senate 29-0, House concurred 63-6. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Amends the 2025 App Store Accountability Act's age verification and parental consent provisions. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ut-2026-hb498 - Data broker registration (HF 4456). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-18: Referred to Commerce Finance and Policy; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Would require data brokers to register with the attorney general, with enforcement and civil penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf4456 - Public hearings and disclosures before data center approval (SF 4296). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-18: Committee report, pass as amended; second reading; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Would require public hearings and certain disclosures before local approval of data center developments. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-sf4296 - Personality rights and forged digital likenesses (SB 5886). Washington, Washington State Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-03-16: Governor signed; Chapter 69, 2026 Laws). Effective 2026-06-11. Votes: Senate 47-0, House 85-9. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, ai, copyright. Updates Washington's personality rights law to cover forged digital likenesses, including AI-generated voice and image replicas. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wa-2025-sb5886 - Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights (SB 482). Florida, Florida Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-13: Died in House Messages). Votes: Senate 35-2. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, online-safety, government-ai, privacy. Would have created consumer protections for AI use, including limits on AI companion chatbots for minors, and barred governmental entities from contracting with certain foreign AI entities. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-fl-2026-sb482 - Application Stores (SB 1722). Florida, Florida Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-13: Died in Judiciary). Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would have required app store providers to verify user ages and obtain parental consent for minors' accounts. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-fl-2026-sb1722 - Companion Artificial Intelligence Chatbots (SB 1344). Florida, Florida Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-13: Died in Commerce and Tourism). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, online-safety. Would have required companion AI chatbot operators to verify user ages and take protective steps for minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-fl-2026-sb1344 - California Age-Appropriate Design Code Act (AB 2273). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-03-12: Ninth Circuit held most challenged provisions unconstitutional (NetChoice v. Bonta); law remains largely enjoined and is set to be replaced by AB 2246 (2026)). Effective 2024-07-01. Votes: Assembly 72-0, Senate 33-0, Assembly concurrence 75-0. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: online-safety, privacy. Requires online services likely to be accessed by children to assess and mitigate risks to children and to configure default privacy settings to a high level of privacy. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2021-ab2273 - Synthetic media in campaign materials (HF 2609). Iowa, Iowa Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-12: Passed House; did not pass the Senate before the 2026 session adjourned). Votes: House 89-2. Topics: ai, deepfakes, elections. Would have regulated the use of synthetic media in campaign materials, with penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ia-2025-hf2609 - Cryptocurrency Strategic Reserve Fund (HB 2080). Missouri, Missouri General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-12: House committee substitute reported do pass; not passed before session ended). Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Would have created a Cryptocurrency Strategic Reserve Fund allowing the state treasurer to receive, invest and hold digital assets. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mo-2026-hb2080 - Relating to Social Media (app store age verification, under 16) (SB 2761). Hawaii, Hawaii State Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-10: Passed Senate; deferred in House Judiciary and Hawaiian Affairs). Votes: Senate 22-3. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would have required app store providers to verify ages and obtain parental consent before users under 16 could download social media platforms. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hi-2025-sb2761 - Artificial Intelligence and Children's Internet Safety Study Commission (HJR 51). Alabama, Alabama Legislature. resolution, Adopted (last action 2026-03-10: Enacted as Act 2026-218). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, online-safety. Creates a study commission on artificial intelligence and children's internet safety. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-al-2026-hjr51 - Repeal of Data Center Equipment Sales and Use Tax Exemption (SB 410). Georgia, Georgia General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-09: Passed Senate; House second readers with no final passage). Votes: Senate 32-21. Sponsors: R. Topics: datacenters. Would have repealed Georgia's sales and use tax exemption for data center equipment. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ga-2025-sb410 - Virtual currency kiosks ban (HB 1116). Indiana, Indiana General Assembly. law, Enacted (last action 2026-03-09: Signed by the governor (Public Law 143-2026)). Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Prohibits the operation of virtual currency kiosks in Indiana, enforceable by the Attorney General as a deceptive consumer sales violation. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-in-2026-hb1116 - Artificial intelligence definition (HB 1723). Mississippi, Mississippi Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-03-09: Approved by the governor (Chapter 311)). Effective 2026-07-01. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. Defines the term artificial intelligence in Mississippi law. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ms-2026-hb1723 - Protecting kids from deepfakes and exploitative images (HB 102). Wyoming, Wyoming Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-03-07: Signed by the Governor; assigned Chapter 91). Effective 2026-07-01. Topics: deepfakes, ai, online-safety. Creates protections and penalties for deepfakes and other digitally created exploitative sexual images of minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wy-2026-hb102 - Artificial Intelligence Amendments (Companion Chatbot Safety Act) (HB 438). Utah, Utah Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-06: Failed in the Senate 12-15; filed as not passed). Votes: House 68-1, Senate 12-15 (failed). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, online-safety. Would have regulated operators of companion chatbots, with safety requirements for minor users. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ut-2026-hb438 - Artificial Intelligence Transparency Amendments (AI Transparency Act) (HB 286). Utah, Utah Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-06: Enacting clause struck and bill filed as not passed at the end of the session). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. Would have required large frontier AI developers to publish public safety plans and would have created whistleblower protections. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ut-2026-hb286 - Data privacy for government entities (SF 20). Wyoming, Wyoming Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-03-06: Signed by the Governor; assigned Chapter 48). Effective 2026-03-06. Topics: privacy, data. Sets data privacy requirements for how Wyoming government entities collect, use and share personal data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wy-2026-sf20 - Wyoming stable token amendments (SF 21). Wyoming, Wyoming Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-03-06: Signed by the Governor; assigned Chapter 55). Effective 2026-03-06. Topics: crypto. Amends the Wyoming Stable Token Act governing the state-issued stable token. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wy-2026-sf21 - Virtual currency kiosks (HB 75). Wyoming, Wyoming Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-03-06: Signed by the Governor; assigned Chapter 60). Effective 2026-03-06. Topics: crypto. Regulates virtual currency kiosks, commonly called crypto ATMs, operating in Wyoming. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wy-2026-hb75 - Ban on algorithms and AI in health insurance prior authorization review (HF 2500). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-05: Author added; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Would prohibit use of algorithms and artificial intelligence when reviewing health insurance prior authorization requests. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf2500 - Use of synthetic media in elections (Act 75 of 2026) (S.23). Vermont, Vermont General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-03-05: Signed by the Governor; Act 75 of 2026, effective on passage). Effective 2026-03-05. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, elections, ai. Requires disclosure of synthetic media, including AI-generated deepfakes, in election-related communications within a set period before an election. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-vt-2025-s23 - Driver Privacy and Safety Act (SB 40). New Mexico, New Mexico Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-03-04: Signed by the governor, Chapter 20). Votes: Senate 32-8, House 42-22. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Enacts the Driver Privacy and Safety Act, limiting the sharing of automated license plate reader information and requiring reporting, with enforcement and penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nm-2026-sb40 - Constitutional amendment excluding AI from free speech rights (SF 4114). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-04: Referred to Judiciary and Public Safety; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Would propose a state constitutional amendment providing that artificial intelligence is not protected by the right to free speech. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-sf4114 - Regulation and investment of cryptocurrency (HB 1042). Indiana, Indiana General Assembly. law, Enacted (last action 2026-03-03: Signed by the governor (Public Law 49-2026)). Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Requires state retirement and savings plans to offer a self-directed brokerage account with at least one cryptocurrency investment option, and sets rules for public agencies on cryptocurrency. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-in-2026-hb1042 - Ban on government use of facial recognition technology (HF 3661). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-03: House Judiciary Finance and Civil Law Committee failed to approve the bill on a party-line vote; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: D. Topics: biometrics, government-ai. Would prohibit state and local government entities from using facial surveillance systems or information obtained from them. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf3661 (unverified) - Employment: Automated Decision Systems (No Robo Bosses Act) (SB 7). California, California Legislature. bill, Vetoed (last action 2026-03-02: Veto sustained). Votes: Senate 27-10, Assembly 45-17, Senate concurrence 28-9. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, employment. Would have required employers to notify workers about automated decision systems used for employment decisions and to give notice when relying primarily on such systems for discipline or termination. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-sb7 - App store age verification and parental consent (HB 1275). South Dakota, South Dakota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-02: Deferred to the 41st legislative day by Senate State Affairs). Votes: House 50-17. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would have required app stores to verify users' ages and obtain parental consent for minors' downloads and purchases. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-sd-2026-hb1275 - Artificial Intelligence Technology: Digital Replicas (SB 11). California, California Legislature. bill, Vetoed (last action 2026-03-02: Veto sustained). Votes: Senate 38-0, Assembly 79-0, Senate concurrence 37-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, ai. Would have clarified that false impersonation and right of publicity laws cover AI digital replicas and required AI tools that create them to display a consumer warning about unlawful use. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-sb11 - Personal Rights: Liability of Social Media Platforms (SB 771). California, California Legislature. bill, Vetoed (last action 2026-03-02: Veto sustained). Votes: Senate 29-4, Assembly 51-2, Senate concurrence 30-8. Sponsors: D. Topics: platforms, online-safety. Would have made social media platforms liable when their algorithms relay content in violation of state civil rights and personal rights laws, or when they aid or abet such violations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-sb771 - Unbiased Artificial Intelligence in State Government Purchasing (H 687). Idaho, Idaho Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-03-02: Passed House; no Senate passage before adjournment). Votes: House 56-11-3. Topics: ai, government-ai. Would have set requirements for unbiased artificial intelligence in state government procurement. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-id-2026-h687 - Consumer Data Protection Act; social media platforms and minors (SB 854). Virginia, Virginia General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-02-27: Preliminary injunction issued by U.S. District Court in NetChoice's challenge; the state has appealed). Effective 2026-01-01. Votes: Senate 40-0, House 97-0, Senate concurred 39-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: online-safety, platforms, privacy. Requires social media platforms to use commercially reasonable age screening and limit users under 16 to one hour per day per platform unless a parent consents to more. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-va-2025-sb854 - Biological and Neural Data Protection (HB 263). Alabama, Alabama Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-02-26: Read second time in the Senate; no final passage before adjournment). Votes: House 103-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, data, biometrics. Would have barred health and fitness apps from disclosing or using biological and neural data without express consent. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-al-2026-hb263 - Minnesota Bitcoin Act (HF 2946). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-02-26: Author stricken; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Would allow payments to the state in cryptocurrency, authorize the State Board of Investment to invest in cryptocurrency, and modify related tax provisions. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf2946 - Artificial intelligence in therapy services (HB 455). Kentucky, Kentucky General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2026-02-24: Passed House; referred to Senate Committee on Committees, no further action before the session ended). Votes: House 88-7. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, employment. Would have restricted licensed professionals from using artificial intelligence in providing therapy and psychotherapy services. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ky-2026-hb455 - Chatbot deployer requirements and minors (HF 2715). Iowa, Iowa Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-02-24: Placed on House calendar; no floor vote before the 2026 session adjourned). Topics: ai, online-safety. Would have set requirements for chatbot deployers, including rules for interactions with minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ia-2025-hf2715 - App Store Age Verification and Parental Consent (HB 161). Alabama, Alabama Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2026-02-17: Enacted as Act 2026-59). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: House 94-0, Senate 33-0, concurrence 103-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Requires app store providers and developers to verify user ages and obtain parental consent for minors, enforceable by the Attorney General and by parents. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-al-2026-hb161 - Protecting Electricity Customers from Data Center Costs (HB 1063). Georgia, Georgia General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2026-02-17: Passed House; referred in Senate with no final passage). Votes: House 159-5. Sponsors: R. Topics: datacenters. Would have required protections so residential and retail electricity customers do not bear costs of data center construction and operation. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ga-2025-hb1063 - An Act to protect against election misinformation (H 5093). Massachusetts, Massachusetts General Court. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-02-12: Passed House 154-3; referred to Senate Ways and Means). Votes: House 154-3. Topics: ai, deepfakes, elections. Would regulate deceptive synthetic media and misinformation about candidates and elections. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ma-2025-h5093 - Chatbot use by minors (SB 168). South Dakota, South Dakota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-02-12: Deferred to the 41st legislative day by Senate Judiciary). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, online-safety. Would have regulated minors' use of AI chatbots. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-sd-2026-sb168 - Deep fake election and nonconsensual sexual deep fake law (HF 1370). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-02-09: U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed denial of a preliminary injunction against the election deep fake provision (Kohls v. Ellison); X Corp. v. Ellison still pending). Effective 2023-08-01. Votes: House 131-0, Senate 66-1 (conference report). Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, elections, ai. Creates a crime for disseminating deep fakes to influence an election, a crime for nonconsensual dissemination of sexual deep fakes, and a civil cause of action for victims of nonconsensual sexual deep fakes. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2023-hf1370 - Age-Appropriate Code Design (Social Media Regulation Act, Act 96 of 2026) (H 3431). South Carolina, South Carolina General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2026-02-05: Signed by Governor; Act No. 96). Effective 2026-02-05. Votes: House 112-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, privacy, platforms. Requires covered online services to use reasonable care with minors' personal data, limit data collection from minors, restrict compulsive-use design features and provide parental controls, with Attorney General enforcement. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-sc-2025-h3431 - App Store Accountability Act (SB 142). Utah, Utah Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-02-05: Industry group CCIA filed a First Amendment challenge in U.S. District Court for the District of Utah). Effective 2025-05-07. Votes: Senate 24-1, House 64-3, Senate concurred 25-1. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms, privacy. Requires app stores to verify users' ages and obtain parental consent before minors download apps or make purchases, and to share age category data with developers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ut-2025-sb142 - AI-generated child sexual abuse material and deepfake dissemination (HB 2183). Kansas, Kansas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-02-05: Approved by the governor). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: House 119-3, Senate 40-0, conference report Senate 30-10, House 83-39. Topics: ai, deepfakes, online-safety. Extends child sexual exploitation crimes to images that are morphed from or indistinguishable from a real child or generated without any actual child, and bars disseminating items that purport to depict an identifiable person. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ks-2025-hb2183 - Artificial intelligence task force (HB 1125). South Dakota, South Dakota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-02-04: Failed on the House floor 26-43). Votes: House 26-43 (failed). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, government-ai. Would have created a task force to study the impact of AI systems on South Dakota. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-sd-2026-hb1125 - App store age verification and parental consent (HB 708). Mississippi, Mississippi Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-02-03: Died in committee). Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would have required app store providers and developers to verify ages and obtain parental consent for minors' activity. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ms-2026-hb708 (unverified) - Mississippi Consumer Data Privacy Act (SB 2015). Mississippi, Mississippi Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-02-03: Died in committee). Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Would have enacted a comprehensive consumer data privacy law in Mississippi. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ms-2026-sb2015 (unverified) - Ensuring Accountability for Illegal AI Activities Act (SB 9). Georgia, Georgia General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2026-01-28: Senate disagreed to House substitute; no final passage). Votes: Senate 46-9, House 152-12. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, deepfakes, elections, online-safety. Would have created crimes and enhanced penalties for illegal activities carried out using artificial intelligence, including AI-generated obscene material and deceptive election content. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ga-2025-sb9 - Ban on Chinese AI and social media apps on state devices. Texas, Governor of Texas. executive-order, In force (last action 2026-01-26: Prohibited technologies list expanded by the governor with Texas Cyber Command as lead agency). Effective 2025-01-31. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, cybersecurity, government-ai, platforms. Governor directive banning AI and social media apps affiliated with the People's Republic of China and the Chinese Communist Party, including DeepSeek, RedNote and Lemon8, from government-issued devices and adding them to the state prohibited technologies list. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-eo-chinese-ai-social-media-app-ban - Prohibited technologies list update (AI, hardware and software). Texas, Governor of Texas. executive-order, In force (last action 2026-01-26: Issued by the governor). Effective 2026-01-26. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, cybersecurity, government-ai. Governor directive adding Chinese-affiliated AI companies, hardware and software to the state prohibited technologies list for state employees and devices and naming the Texas Cyber Command lead agency for identifying such threats. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2026-eo-prohibited-technologies-update - Leading Ethical AI Development (LEAD) for Kids Act (AB 1064). California, California Legislature. bill, Vetoed (last action 2026-01-22: Consideration of governor's veto stricken from file). Votes: Assembly 59-12, Senate 31-6, Assembly concurrence 60-8. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, online-safety. Would have barred making a companion chatbot available to a child unless it was not foreseeably capable of harms such as encouraging self-harm, suicidal ideation, violence or disordered eating. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab1064 - Water Resources: Data Centers (AB 93). California, California Legislature. bill, Vetoed (last action 2026-01-22: Consideration of governor's veto stricken from file). Votes: Assembly 51-14, Senate 30-10, Assembly concurrence 59-16. Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Would have required data center operators to give their water supplier an estimate of expected water use before applying for a local business license. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab93 - Children's mental health and digital environments (EO 6). New Jersey, Governor of New Jersey. executive-order, In force (last action 2026-01-20: Signed by Governor Sherrill). Effective 2026-01-20. Sponsors: D. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Directs state agencies to prioritize children's mental health in digital environments and establishes an Office of Youth Online Mental Health Safety and Awareness. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nj-2026-eo-6 - Protecting personal data privacy (HB 1671). Washington, Washington State Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-01-12: Reintroduced and retained in House Appropriations; not passed before the 2026 session ended). Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Would create a comprehensive consumer data privacy law for Washington with consumer rights and data minimization duties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wa-2025-hb1671 - Protecting Washington children online (SB 5708). Washington, Washington State Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-01-12: Reintroduced and retained in present status; not passed before the 2026 session ended). Votes: Senate 36-12. Sponsors: D. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would restrict addictive feeds and certain notifications for minors on social media platforms and set default privacy settings for minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wa-2025-sb5708 - Annual Inventory of AI Usage by State Agencies (HB 147). Georgia, Georgia General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2026-01-12: Recommitted in Senate; no final passage). Votes: House 172-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, government-ai. Would have required the Georgia Technology Authority to keep an annual inventory of artificial intelligence used by state agencies. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ga-2025-hb147 - Increasing transparency in artificial intelligence (training data) (HB 1168). Washington, Washington State Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2026-01-12: Reintroduced and retained in committee; not passed before the 2026 session ended). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, copyright. Would require developers of generative AI systems to publish documentation about the data used to train them. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wa-2025-hb1168 - Obscenity: AI-Generated Obscene Material Depicting Children (HB 171). Georgia, Georgia General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2026-01-12: Recommitted in Senate; no final passage). Votes: House 160-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, deepfakes, online-safety. Would have replaced Georgia's obscene material involving children statute to cover computer-generated images. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ga-2025-hb171 - An Act to Regulate Employer Surveillance to Protect Workers (LD 61). Maine, Maine Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-01-11: Became law without the governor's signature (Public Law chapter 524)). Sponsors: D. Topics: employment, privacy. Regulates employer electronic surveillance of employees to protect workers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-me-2025-ld61 - CCPA Regulations on Automated Decisionmaking Technology, Risk Assessments and Cybersecurity Audits. California, California Privacy Protection Agency. proposal, Adopted (last action 2026-01-01: Regulations took effect). Effective 2026-01-01. Topics: privacy, ai, cybersecurity. Regulations that give consumers rights to access and opt out of businesses' use of automated decisionmaking technology and require certain businesses to conduct risk assessments and annual cybersecurity audits. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-cppa-admt-regulations - Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (TRAIGA) (HB 149). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-01-01: Took effect). Effective 2026-01-01. Votes: House 146-3, Senate 31-0, House concurred 121-17. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, government-ai, biometrics, deepfakes. Bans developing or deploying AI systems for certain intentional harms such as behavioral manipulation toward self-harm, unlawful discrimination, government social scoring and sexual deepfakes of minors, requires state agencies to disclose AI use to consumers, and creates an AI regulatory sandbox and the Texas Artificial Intelligence Council, enforced by the attorney general. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-hb149 - Disclosure of synthetic media in election communications (AB 73). Nevada, Nevada Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-01-01: Took effect). Effective 2026-01-01. Votes: Assembly 42-0, Senate 21-0. Topics: deepfakes, elections, ai. Requires election communications that include synthetic media to disclose that the image, video or audio has been manipulated and lets depicted candidates seek an injunction. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nv-2025-ab73 - Property right in use of names, voices and likenesses (HB 513). Montana, Montana Legislature. law, In force (last action 2026-01-01: Took effect). Effective 2026-01-01. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, deepfakes, copyright. Creates a property right in an individual's name, voice and visual likeness, including digital depictions, and sets penalties for unauthorized use. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mt-2025-hb513 - An Act protecting consumers in interactions with artificial intelligence systems (H 97). Massachusetts, Massachusetts General Court. bill, In committee (last action 2025-12-24: Reported favorably and referred to House Ways and Means). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, employment. Would set consumer protection requirements for interactions with AI systems. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ma-2025-h97 - New York Health Information Privacy Act (S 929 / A 2141). New York, New York State Legislature. bill, Vetoed (last action 2025-12-19: Vetoed by the governor). Votes: Senate 49-10. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Would have required consent before processing health information, given individuals access and deletion rights, and restricted sales of health data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ny-2025-s929 - An Act establishing protections for consumers interacting with artificial intelligence chatbots (S 264). Massachusetts, Massachusetts General Court. bill, In committee (last action 2025-12-18: Reported favorably and referred to Senate Ways and Means). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Would set consumer protections for people interacting with AI chatbots. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ma-2025-s264 - Data Center Impact Analysis and Report (SB 116). Maryland, Maryland General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-12-16: Veto overridden; became law (Chapter 10 of 2025 Special Session)). Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Requires state agencies and the University of Maryland to analyze the environmental, energy and economic impacts of data center development and report to the General Assembly; cross-filed with HB 270. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-md-2025-sb116 - Post-mortem Right of Publicity (digital replicas of deceased performers) (S 8391 / A 8882). New York, New York State Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-12-11: Signed by the governor (Chapter 616 of 2025)). Effective 2025-12-11. Votes: Senate 59-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, ai, copyright. Requires prior consent before a deceased performer's digital replica is used in audiovisual works, sound recordings or live performances. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ny-2025-s8391 - Synthetic Performer Disclosure in Advertising (S 8420-A / A 8887-B). New York, New York State Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-12-11: Signed by the governor (Chapter 617 of 2025)). Effective 2026-06-09. Votes: Senate 59-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, deepfakes. Requires advertisements to conspicuously disclose when they include an AI-generated synthetic performer, with civil penalties for violations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ny-2025-s8420 - Distribution of False Sexual Imagery Prohibition Amendment Act of 2025 (B26-0524). District of Columbia, Council of the District of Columbia. bill, In committee (last action 2025-12-05: Notice of Intent to Act published in the DC Register). Sponsors: I. Topics: ai, deepfakes. Would create misdemeanor and felony offenses for nonconsensual distribution of sexually explicit images, video or audio created or altered with digital technology, including AI. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-dc-2025-b26-0524 - Online Protections for Minors (HB 3). Florida, Florida Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-11-25: 11th Circuit stayed the district court preliminary injunction 2-1, letting the social media provisions take effect). Effective 2025-01-01. Votes: House 109-4 (concurrence), Senate 30-5. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Bars social media accounts for children under 14, requires parental consent for 14 and 15 year olds, and requires age verification for websites with material harmful to minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-fl-2024-hb3 - California AI Transparency Act (SB 942). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-10-13: Operative date delayed to August 2, 2026 by AB 853 (2025)). Effective 2026-08-02. Votes: Senate 32-1, Assembly 73-0, Senate concurrence 35-2. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, deepfakes. Requires large generative AI providers to offer a free AI detection tool and to embed disclosures in AI-generated image, video and audio content. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-sb942 - Companion Chatbots (SB 243). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-10-13: Signed by the governor; Chapter 677, Statutes of 2025). Effective 2026-01-01. Votes: Senate 28-5, Assembly 59-1, Senate concurrence 33-3. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, online-safety. Requires companion chatbot operators to disclose that the chatbot is AI, maintain protocols against suicide and self-harm content, add safeguards for known minors and report annually to the Office of Suicide Prevention. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-sb243 - Digital Age Assurance Act (AB 1043). California, California Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2025-10-13: Signed by the governor; Chapter 675, Statutes of 2025). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Assembly 76-0, Senate 38-0, Assembly concurrence 77-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: online-safety, privacy, platforms. Requires operating system providers to collect a user's age at account setup and send an age bracket signal to app stores and developers, beginning January 1, 2027. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab1043 - Social Media Warning Law (AB 56). California, California Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2025-10-13: Signed by the governor; Chapter 671, Statutes of 2025). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Assembly 50-0, Senate 30-5, Assembly concurrence 59-7. Sponsors: D. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Requires social media platforms to show users a black box warning when they first access the platform each day, after 3 hours of use and hourly after that, beginning January 1, 2027. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab56 - Artificial Intelligence: Autonomous Harm Defense (AB 316). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-10-13: Signed by the governor; Chapter 672, Statutes of 2025). Effective 2026-01-01. Votes: Assembly 70-1, Senate 38-0, Assembly concurrence 78-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Bars a defendant who developed, modified or used artificial intelligence from arguing that the AI autonomously caused the harm to the plaintiff. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab316 - California AI Transparency Act: Delay and Provenance (AB 853). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-10-13: Signed by the governor; Chapter 674, Statutes of 2025). Effective 2026-01-01. Votes: Assembly 58-2, Senate 30-6, Assembly concurrence 60-4. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, deepfakes, platforms. Delays the California AI Transparency Act to August 2, 2026 and adds content provenance duties for large online platforms from 2027 and capture device makers from 2028. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab853 - Deepfake Pornography (AB 621). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-10-13: Signed by the governor; Chapter 673, Statutes of 2025). Effective 2026-01-01. Votes: Assembly 78-0, Senate 40-0, Assembly concurrence 79-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety. Expands civil liability for digitized sexually explicit material, including material depicting minors, and for services that knowingly enable deepfake pornography services to operate. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab621 - Electrical Corporations: Data Centers: Report (SB 57). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-10-11: Signed by the governor; Chapter 647, Statutes of 2025). Effective 2026-01-01. Votes: Senate 25-9, Assembly 57-18, Senate concurrence 29-8. Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Authorizes the Public Utilities Commission to assess whether utility costs from new data center loads shift costs to other customers and to report its findings to the Legislature. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-sb57 - Health Care Professions: Artificial Intelligence (AB 489). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-10-11: Signed by the governor; Chapter 615, Statutes of 2025). Effective 2026-01-01. Votes: Assembly 79-0, Senate 39-0, Assembly concurrence 79-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Makes bans on falsely implying a health care license enforceable against developers and deployers of AI systems that use such terms, letters or phrases. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab489 - Law Enforcement Agencies: Artificial Intelligence (SB 524). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-10-10: Signed by the governor; Chapter 587, Statutes of 2025). Effective 2026-01-01. Votes: Senate 28-10, Assembly 50-17, Senate concurrence 28-10. Sponsors: D. Topics: government-ai, ai. Requires police reports written fully or partly with AI to include a disclosure, requires the first AI draft to be retained and requires agencies to keep an audit trail. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-sb524 - California Opt Me Out Act (AB 566). California, California Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2025-10-08: Signed by the governor; Chapter 465, Statutes of 2025). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: Assembly 53-1, Senate 31-7, Assembly concurrence 57-3. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy. Requires web browsers to include a consumer setting that sends an opt-out preference signal to businesses, beginning January 1, 2027. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab566 - Data Brokers: Data Collection and Deletion (SB 361). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-10-08: Signed by the governor; Chapter 466, Statutes of 2025). Effective 2026-01-01. Votes: Senate 37-0, Assembly 79-0, Senate concurrence 40-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Requires data brokers registering with the California Privacy Protection Agency to disclose more of the personal information they collect, such as government ID numbers, login information and citizenship data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-sb361 - Cartwright Act: Common Pricing Algorithms (AB 325). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-10-06: Signed by the governor; Chapter 338, Statutes of 2025). Effective 2026-01-01. Votes: Assembly 54-17, Senate 29-9, Assembly concurrence 54-18. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, data. Makes it unlawful under the Cartwright Act to use or distribute a common pricing algorithm as part of a conspiracy to restrain trade or to coerce others into adopting its recommended prices. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab325 - Criminalize real and digitally fabricated sexually explicit images (HB 514). Montana, Montana Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-10-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-10-01. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety. Makes it a crime to create or distribute real or digitally fabricated sexually explicit images of a person without consent. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mt-2025-hb514 - Declare AI systems nonsentient; prohibit legal personhood (HB 469). Ohio, Ohio General Assembly. bill, In committee (last action 2025-10-01: Referred to House committee). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. Would declare AI systems nonsentient and prohibit granting them legal personhood. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-oh-2025-hb469 - Disclosure of AI deepfakes in election communications (SB 25). Montana, Montana Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-10-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-10-01. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, elections, ai. Regulates deepfakes of candidates and parties in election and electioneering communications by requiring a disclosure and allowing injunctive relief and penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mt-2025-sb25 - Limit government use of AI systems (HB 178). Montana, Montana Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-10-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-10-01. Sponsors: R. Topics: government-ai, ai. Limits state and local government use of AI systems, prohibits certain uses such as cognitive behavioral manipulation, and requires disclosure and human review of AI-generated decisions. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mt-2025-hb178 - Montana Consumer Data Privacy Act amendments (SB 297). Montana, Montana Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-10-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-10-01. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, data, online-safety. Amends the Montana Consumer Data Privacy Act by lowering applicability thresholds, adding protections for minors' data and expanding attorney general enforcement. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mt-2025-sb297 - Privacy protections for biometric, genetic and neural data (SB 163). Montana, Montana Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-10-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-10-01. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, biometrics, data. Amends Montana privacy law to cover neurotechnology data alongside biometric and genetic data, requiring consent and limiting disclosure. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mt-2025-sb163 - Artificial intelligence in emergency management plans (AB 325). Nevada, Nevada Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-10-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-10-01. Votes: Assembly 41-0, Senate 21-0. Topics: government-ai, ai. Requires state and local emergency management plans to ensure final emergency response and resource decisions are not made by artificial intelligence and bars utilities from shutting off service based solely on AI. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nv-2025-ab325 - Expanded prohibitions on pornography involving minors (SB 263). Nevada, Nevada Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-10-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-10-01. Votes: Assembly 35-4. Sponsors: D. Topics: online-safety, deepfakes. Expands prohibitions relating to pornography involving minors and revises the penalties for those crimes. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nv-2025-sb263 - FY 2026-2027 operating budget: AI school policies and online age verification (HB 96). Ohio, Ohio General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-09-30: Most provisions took effect). Effective 2025-09-30. Votes: Conference report: House 59-38, Senate 23-10. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, online-safety, platforms. State operating budget that requires the Department of Education and Workforce to develop a model policy on AI use in schools and requires websites offering material harmful to juveniles to verify users' ages. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-oh-2025-hb96 - Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (SB 53). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-09-29: Signed by the governor; Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025). Effective 2026-01-01. Votes: Senate 37-0, Assembly 59-7, Senate concurrence 29-8. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, government-ai. Requires large frontier AI developers to publish frontier AI frameworks and transparency reports, report critical safety incidents to the state, protects whistleblowers and sets up a consortium to plan a public computing cluster called CalCompute. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-sb53 - Elections: Deceptive Media in Advertisements (AB 2839). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-09-19: Enjoined by U.S. District Court (Kohls v. Bonta); state appealed to the Ninth Circuit). Effective 2024-09-17. Votes: Assembly 59-4, Senate 32-6, Assembly concurrence 63-8. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, elections. Prohibits knowingly distributing materially deceptive AI-generated or digitally altered election content about candidates, officials and election workers within set periods around elections. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-ab2839 - Campaign Finance Modernization Amendment Act of 2025 (B26-0329). District of Columbia, Council of the District of Columbia. bill, In committee (last action 2025-09-17: Referred to Committee on Executive Administration and Labor). Sponsors: D. Topics: elections, deepfakes. Campaign finance overhaul bill that Public Citizen tracks for its provisions on deepfakes in political communications. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-dc-2025-b26-0329 - Protecting Our Kids from Social Media Addiction Act (SB 976). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-09-09: Ninth Circuit largely upheld denial of a preliminary injunction; like-count provision enjoined). Effective 2025-01-01. Votes: Senate 35-2, Assembly 47-4, Senate concurrence 28-2. Sponsors: D. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Bars platforms from giving minors addictive algorithmic feeds without parental consent and limits notifications to minors overnight and during school hours. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-sb976 - Advancing Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence That Benefits All North Carolinians (EO 24). North Carolina, Governor of North Carolina. executive-order, In force (last action 2025-09-02: Signed by Governor Stein). Effective 2025-09-02. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, government-ai. Creates the North Carolina AI Leadership Council and an AI Accelerator in state government to guide responsible AI adoption and develop a state AI strategic roadmap. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nc-2025-eo-24 - Age verification for AI nudify tools (HB 581). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-09-01. Votes: House 146-0, Senate 31-0, House concurred 133-1. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety, ai. Requires commercial websites and apps that offer tools to create artificial sexual material using real people's likenesses to verify users are adults, with civil penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-hb581 - AI-generated obscene depictions of children (SB 20). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-09-01. Votes: Senate 31-0, House 139-0, Senate concurred 31-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety, ai. Creates a criminal offense for possessing, promoting or producing obscene visual material that appears to depict a child, including AI-generated or animated images. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb20 - Automated systems in health insurance utilization review (SB 815). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-09-01. Votes: Senate 30-0, House 116-13. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. Prohibits utilization review agents from using automated decision systems, including AI, to make adverse determinations on health benefit claims in whole or in part. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb815 - Computer-generated child sexual abuse material (SB 1621). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-09-01. Votes: Senate 31-0, House 139-0, Senate concurred 30-1. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety, ai. Expands child sexual abuse material offenses to cover computer-generated and AI-altered images depicting children, including recognizable real children. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb1621 - Cybersecurity safe harbor for businesses (SB 2610). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-09-01. Votes: Senate 31-0, House 109-27. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: cybersecurity, privacy. Bars exemplary damages in data breach lawsuits against businesses with fewer than 250 employees that maintained a qualifying cybersecurity program. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb2610 - Deepfake sexual media and artificial intimate visual material (SB 441). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-09-01. Votes: Senate 30-0, House 104-36, Senate conference report 31-0, House conference report 90-33. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, ai. Creates civil liability and expands criminal offenses for producing or distributing nonconsensual sexually explicit deepfake media and artificial intimate visual material, with an affirmative defense for AI application providers that prohibit and take steps to prevent such content. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb441 - Electronic health records and AI in health care (SB 1188). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-09-01. Votes: Senate 23-7, House 86-49, Senate concurred 23-8. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, privacy, data. Sets electronic health record requirements, including storage of records in the United States, and allows practitioners to use AI for diagnostic recommendations only if they review AI-generated records and disclose the use to patients. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb1188 - Genetic information security (HB 130). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-09-01. Votes: House 141-0, Senate 31-0, House concurred 136-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, data, biometrics. Bars covered facilities and companies from using genome sequencers or software produced by foreign adversaries and from storing Texans' genome sequencing data in foreign adversary countries, with civil penalties and a private right of action. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-hb130 - Government use of artificial intelligence (SB 1964). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-09-01. Votes: Senate 31-0, House 104-6, Senate concurred 30-1. Sponsors: R. Topics: government-ai, ai, data. Sets rules for state and local government use of AI, including a Department of Information Resources AI code of ethics and minimum standards, inventories of agency AI systems, and reviews of heightened-scrutiny AI systems used in consequential decisions. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb1964 - Texas Cyber Command (HB 150). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-09-01. Votes: House 130-13, Senate 31-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: cybersecurity, government-ai. Establishes the Texas Cyber Command, with a facility in San Antonio, to prevent and respond to cybersecurity incidents, and transfers state cybersecurity duties from the Department of Information Resources to it. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-hb150 - AI division within the Department of Information Resources (HB 2818). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-09-01. Votes: House 111-14, Senate 30-1, House concurred 105-32. Sponsors: R. Topics: government-ai, ai. Creates an artificial intelligence division within the Department of Information Resources to help state agencies adopt generative AI and modernize legacy systems. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-hb2818 - AI training for state and local government employees (HB 3512). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-09-01. Votes: House 148-0, Senate 31-0, House concurred 119-18. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: government-ai, ai. Requires certain state agency and local government employees and officials to complete certified artificial intelligence training, alongside existing cybersecurity training. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-hb3512 - Civil asset forfeiture of digital currency (SB 1498). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-09-01. Votes: Senate 26-5, House 74-65. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: crypto. Sets procedures for civil asset forfeiture of digital currency and similar property. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb1498 - Data broker notice requirements (SB 1343). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-09-01. Votes: Senate 31-0, House 141-0. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: data, privacy. Updates the notice that data brokers must post on their websites and include with their Texas registration statements. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb1343 - Data broker regulation amendments (SB 2121). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-09-01. Votes: Senate 31-0, House 131-2, Senate concurred 31-0. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: data, privacy. Broadens the definition of data broker to any business that collects, processes or transfers personal data it did not collect directly from the individual, removing the principal-revenue test from the 2023 law. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb2121 - Financial exploitation using AI-generated media (SB 2373). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-09-01. Votes: Senate 31-0, House 138-0, Senate concurred 31-0. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: deepfakes, ai. Creates criminal and civil liability for financial exploitation or abuse carried out with artificially generated media or phishing communications. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb2373 - User reports of explicit deepfake material on social media (HB 3133). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-09-01. Votes: House 122-0, Senate 29-2, House concurred 119-19. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: deepfakes, platforms, online-safety. Requires social media platforms to provide a way for users to report explicit deepfake material and to respond to and act on such reports on set timelines. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-hb3133 - Data Centers: Energy Usage Reporting and Efficiency (AB 222). California, California Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-08-29: Held under submission in Senate Appropriations Committee; did not advance). Votes: Assembly 57-18. Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters, ai. Would have required data center owners to report power usage effectiveness to the Energy Commission and required developers of covered AI models to estimate the energy used to develop them. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2025-ab222 - Increase Transparency for Algorithmic Systems (SB 25B-004). Colorado, Colorado General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-08-28: Signed by the governor). Effective 2025-11-25. Votes: Senate 32-2, House 40-2, Senate repassed 29-3. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Delays the operative date of the 2024 Colorado Artificial Intelligence Act requirements from 2026-02-01 to 2026-06-30. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-co-2025s1-sb25b-004 - Intimate deepfakes act (Public Act 11 of 2025) (HB 4047). Michigan, Michigan Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-08-26: Approved by the governor with immediate effect (Public Act 11 of 2025)). Effective 2025-08-26. Votes: House 104-1, Senate 32-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, deepfakes, online-safety. Creates criminal penalties and a civil cause of action for creating or distributing AI-generated sexual images that falsely depict an identifiable person without consent. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mi-2025-hb4047 - Walker Montgomery Protecting Children Online Act (HB 1126). Mississippi, Mississippi Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-08-14: U.S. Supreme Court denied NetChoice application to vacate the Fifth Circuit stay of a preliminary injunction, leaving the law enforceable pending appeal). Effective 2024-07-01. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms, privacy, deepfakes. Requires digital service providers to register users' ages, obtain parental consent for minors, limit collection of minors' data and mitigate harms to minors, and adds morphed images of children to the child exploitation crime. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ms-2024-hb1126 - Fabricated intimate images and computer-generated child sexual abuse material (SB 198). West Virginia, West Virginia Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-08-08: Chapter 80, Acts, Regular Session, 2025). Effective 2025-07-09. Topics: deepfakes, ai, online-safety. Expands the crime of nonconsensual disclosure of intimate images to include fabricated images and defines computer-generated child sexual abuse material as a crime. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wv-2025-sb198 - Wellness and Oversight for Psychological Resources Act (HB 1806). Illinois, Illinois General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-08-01: Signed by the governor (Public Act 104-0054)). Effective 2025-08-01. Votes: House 105-0, Senate 56-0, House concurred 112-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, online-safety. Bars AI systems from providing therapy or making therapeutic decisions in Illinois and limits licensed professionals' use of AI to administrative and supplementary support. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-il-2025-hb1806 - 2025 judiciary and public safety omnibus (AI-generated child sexual abuse material) (HF 2432). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-08-01: AI-generated child sexual abuse material provision took effect). Effective 2025-08-01. Votes: House 131-3, Senate 34-33. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: ai, deepfakes, online-safety. Public safety omnibus that expanded the definition of child sexual abuse material to include obscene images of individuals indistinguishable from actual minors created with generative artificial intelligence. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf2432 - Minnesota Consumer Data Privacy Act (2024 commerce omnibus) (HF 4757). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-07-31: Consumer Data Privacy Act took effect (postsecondary institutions must comply by 2029-07-31)). Effective 2025-07-31. Votes: House 68-60, Senate 34-32. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Omnibus commerce and cannabis bill that enacted the Minnesota Consumer Data Privacy Act (Minn. Stat. chapter 325O), giving consumers rights to access, correct, delete and port their personal data, opt out of targeted advertising, sale and profiling, and question the result of significant profiling decisions, enforced by the attorney general. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2023-hf4757 - West Virginia Task Force on Artificial Intelligence updates (HB 3187). West Virginia, West Virginia Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-07-31: Chapter 38, Acts, Regular Session, 2025). Effective 2025-07-09. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, government-ai. Adds identifying economic opportunities from AI to the duties of the West Virginia Task Force on Artificial Intelligence and requires annual electronic reports. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wv-2025-hb3187 - Power Generation and Consumption Act (certified microgrid program) (HB 2014). West Virginia, West Virginia Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-07-30: Chapter 112, Acts, Regular Session, 2025). Effective 2025-07-11. Sponsors: R. Topics: datacenters. Creates a Certified Microgrid Program administered by the Division of Economic Development to let large facilities such as data centers be served by dedicated microgrids, and revises high impact business development districts. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wv-2025-hb2014 - Ban on foreign-owned AI on state IT assets (HB 3936). Oregon, Oregon Legislative Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-07-25: Chapter 396, 2025 Laws). Effective 2026-01-01. Votes: House 52-0, Senate 27-0. Topics: ai, government-ai, cybersecurity. Prohibits installing or using AI hardware, software or services developed or owned by a covered foreign vendor on state information technology assets. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-or-2025-hb3936 - Agentic AI Regulatory Sandbox Framework (HJR 7). Delaware, Delaware General Assembly. resolution, Adopted (last action 2025-07-23: Signed by Governor). Effective 2025-07-23. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Directs the AI Commission to work with the Secretary of State to create a regulatory sandbox framework for testing technologies that use agentic artificial intelligence. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-de-2025-hjr7 - Digital forgery offense (Act 35 of 2025) (SB 649). Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-07-07: Act No. 35 of 2025, approved by the Governor). Votes: Senate 50-0, House 199-3. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, ai. Creates the crime of digital forgery for creating or spreading AI-generated or otherwise forged digital likenesses of a person with intent to defraud or injure. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-pa-2025-sb649 - POWER Act (large energy use facilities) (HB 3546). Oregon, Oregon Legislative Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-07-07: Chapter 323, 2025 Laws). Effective 2025-06-16. Votes: House 37-17 (concurrence), Senate 18-12. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: datacenters. Directs the Public Utility Commission to create a separate class of electric service for large energy use facilities such as data centers so their costs are not shifted to other ratepayers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-or-2025-hb3546 - Deceptive and fraudulent synthetic media in election communications (H 5872). Rhode Island, Rhode Island General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-07-02: Signed by Governor; Chapter 409). Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, elections, ai. Bars distributing deceptive synthetic media of candidates in election communications within a set period before an election unless it carries a disclosure, and lets affected candidates seek relief. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ri-2025-h5872 - Deceptive and fraudulent synthetic media in election communications (Senate bill) (S 816). Rhode Island, Rhode Island General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-07-02: Signed by Governor; Chapter 410). Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, elections, ai. Senate companion regulating deceptive synthetic media of candidates in election communications, with a disclosure safe harbor and a private right of action. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ri-2025-s816 - Limits on AI in mental and behavioral health care and schools (AB 406). Nevada, Nevada Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-07-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-07-01. Votes: Assembly 42-0, Senate 20-1. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, online-safety. Prohibits AI systems from being represented as or used to provide professional mental and behavioral health care, bars certain AI uses in public schools, and directs the Department of Education to adopt an AI policy. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nv-2025-ab406 - Protecting Georgia's Children on Social Media Act of 2024 (SB 351). Georgia, Georgia General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-07-01: Effective date reached, but a U.S. District Court preliminary injunction (June 2025) blocks enforcement; appeal to the 11th Circuit). Effective 2025-07-01. Votes: Senate 48-7 (final), House 120-45. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Requires social media platforms to verify users' ages and obtain parental consent for users under 16, and requires schools to block social media on school networks. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ga-2023-sb351 - 2025 special session tax law (data center electricity exemption repeal) (HF 9). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-07-01: Data center electricity exemption repeal took effect for sales after June 30, 2025). Effective 2025-07-01. Votes: House 93-39, Senate 34-33. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: datacenters. Special session tax omnibus that, among other changes, repealed the sales and use tax exemption for electricity used by qualified data centers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025s1-hf9 - Various Education Changes (social media literacy and student device use) (HB 959). North Carolina, North Carolina General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-07-01: Signed by the governor, S.L. 2025-38). Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Education omnibus that promotes internet safety, requires social media literacy instruction in schools and requires limits on student use of wireless devices during instructional time. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nc-2025-hb959 - App store age verification (Act 481 of 2025) (HB 570). Louisiana, Louisiana Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-06-30: Signed by the governor (Act 481)). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: House 99-0, Senate conference report 38-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms, privacy. Requires app stores to verify users ages and obtain parental consent for minors, and sets related duties for app developers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-la-2025-hb570 - Age verification for pornography websites (HB 1181). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-06-27: Age verification requirement upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in Free Speech Coalition v. Paxton). Effective 2023-09-01. Votes: House 141-0, Senate 31-0, House concurred 133-1. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Requires commercial websites where more than one third of content is sexual material harmful to minors to verify that users are adults. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2023-hb1181 - Statewide Study on Automation and Workforce Impact (HB 827). Florida, Florida Legislature. bill, Vetoed (last action 2025-06-27: Vetoed by Governor). Votes: House 112-1, Senate 35-0. Topics: ai, employment. Would have required a state bureau to study the effect of automation, AI and robotics on Florida employment. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-fl-2025-hb827 - An Act Concerning Broadband Internet, Gaming, Social Media, Online Services and Consumer Contracts (SB 1295). Connecticut, Connecticut General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-06-24: Signed by the governor (Public Act 25-113)). Effective 2026-07-01. Topics: privacy, online-safety, platforms, data. Omnibus act that amends the Connecticut Data Privacy Act and adds rules for social media platforms, online services, gaming and consumer contracts. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ct-2025-sb1295 - Deepfakes in campaign advertising (HB 811). Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania General Assembly. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2025-06-24: Referred to Senate Communications and Technology). Votes: House 203-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, elections, ai. Would make people liable for knowingly distributing campaign ads containing undisclosed deepfakes of candidates in the days before an election. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-pa-2025-hb811 - Sexually explicit deepfake media (HB 449). Texas, Texas Legislature. bill, Vetoed (last action 2025-06-22: Vetoed by the governor). Votes: House 147-0, Senate 31-0, House concurred 134-1. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: deepfakes. Would have broadened the offense of producing or distributing sexually explicit deepfakes from videos to any deepfake media, including images. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-hb449 - Large loads and grid reliability (data centers) (SB 6). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-06-20: Took effect). Effective 2025-06-20. Votes: Senate 31-0, House 103-25, Senate concurred 31-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: datacenters. Sets interconnection standards, cost-sharing, disclosure and emergency curtailment rules for large electric loads of 75 megawatts or more, such as data centers, in the ERCOT region. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb6 - Texas Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and Investment Act (SB 21). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-06-20: Took effect). Effective 2025-06-20. Votes: Senate 25-5, House 101-42, conference report: House 110-25, Senate 23-8. Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Creates the Texas Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, managed by the comptroller outside the state treasury, to invest in bitcoin and other qualifying cryptocurrency. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb21 - Confidentiality of government cybersecurity information (HB 3112). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-06-20: Took effect). Effective 2025-06-20. Votes: House 148-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: cybersecurity. Applies open meetings and public information law exceptions to government information about certain cybersecurity measures. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-hb3112 - Virtual currency kiosks (Act 369 of 2025) (HB 483). Louisiana, Louisiana Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-06-20: Signed by the governor (Act 369)). Effective 2025-08-01. Votes: House 98-0, Senate 39-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Regulates virtual currency kiosks to protect consumers from fraud. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-la-2025-hb483 - Ban on sale of precise geolocation data and minors' data (HB 2008). Oregon, Oregon Legislative Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-06-19: Chapter 251, 2025 Laws). Effective 2026-01-01. Votes: House 56-0 (concurrence), Senate 27-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data, online-safety. Amends the Oregon Consumer Privacy Act to bar controllers from selling precise geolocation data and the personal data of consumers under 16. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-or-2025-hb2008 - Social Media Use by Minors (SB 868). Florida, Florida Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-06-16: Died in House Messages). Votes: Senate 34-3. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms, privacy. Would have required social media platforms to decrypt end-to-end encrypted messages under a warrant and let parents view all messages on a minor's account. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-fl-2025-sb868 - Investments of Public Funds in Bitcoin (HB 487). Florida, Florida Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-06-16: Died in Government Operations Subcommittee). Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Would have allowed the state CFO and certain public funds to invest in Bitcoin. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-fl-2025-hb487 - Provenance of Digital Content (HB 369). Florida, Florida Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-06-16: Died on Second Reading Calendar). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, deepfakes. Would have required certain generative AI developers to embed provenance data in AI content and offer provenance readers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-fl-2025-hb369 - Data center regulatory law (HF 16). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-06-15: Data center definitions and fee provisions took effect; other provisions effective on various dates). Effective 2025-06-15. Votes: House 85-43, Senate 40-26. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: datacenters. Regulates data centers with a load of 100 megawatts or more by setting utility service and clean energy tariff rules, imposing a $2 million to $5 million peak demand fee, requiring preapplication review of large water appropriations, and revising data center sales tax exemptions. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025s1-hf16 - Vermont Age-Appropriate Design Code (Act 63 of 2025) (S.69). Vermont, Vermont General Assembly. law, Enacted (last action 2025-06-12: Signed by the Governor; Act 63 of 2025). Effective 2027-01-01. Votes: House 133-9 (amendment roll call). Sponsors: D. Topics: online-safety, privacy, platforms. Requires online services likely to be accessed by minors to meet a minimum duty of care, set high-privacy defaults for minors and avoid design features that drive compulsive use. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-vt-2025-s69 - An Act to Ensure Transparency in Consumer Transactions Involving Artificial Intelligence (LD 1727). Maine, Maine Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-06-12: Signed by the governor (Public Law 2025, chapter 294)). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Requires businesses that use AI chatbots or similar technology in consumer transactions to clearly disclose that the consumer is not dealing with a human. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-me-2025-ld1727 - Personal Data Privacy Act (SB 359). Michigan, Michigan Legislature. bill, In committee (last action 2025-06-12: Reported favorably without amendment and referred to Committee of the Whole). Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Would create a comprehensive Personal Data Privacy Act governing how businesses collect and process consumer personal data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mi-2025-sb359 - An Act to Regulate Virtual Currency Kiosks (LD 1339). Maine, Maine Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-06-12: Signed by the governor as an emergency measure (Public Law chapter 285)). Effective 2025-06-12. Sponsors: D. Topics: crypto. Regulates virtual currency kiosks to protect consumers from fraud, enacted as an emergency measure. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-me-2025-ld1339 - Harmful acts solicited through responsive generative communication to children (SB 263). New Hampshire, New Hampshire General Court. bill, Failed (last action 2025-06-12: Senate nonconcurred with House amendment). Votes: House 202-168. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, online-safety. Would have criminalized and created a private right of action for using responsive generative AI communication to encourage or solicit certain harmful acts by a child. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nh-2025-sb263 - Brooke's Law (Removal of Altered Sexual Depictions Posted without Consent) (HB 1161). Florida, Florida Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-06-11: Chapter No. 2025-133). Effective 2025-06-10. Votes: House 116-0, Senate 38-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, platforms, online-safety. Requires covered online platforms to set up a process to remove altered sexual depictions, including deepfakes, within 48 hours of a valid request from the depicted person. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-fl-2025-hb1161 - Digitally altered intimate images crime (HB 2299). Oregon, Oregon Legislative Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-06-11: Chapter 116, 2025 Laws). Effective 2026-01-01. Votes: House 56-0, Senate 30-0. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: deepfakes. Expands the crime of unlawful dissemination of an intimate image to cover digitally created, manipulated or altered images such as deepfakes. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-or-2025-hb2299 - Duty of care for online platforms contracting with minors (Act 236 of 2025) (HB 37). Louisiana, Louisiana Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-06-11: Signed by the governor (Act 236)). Effective 2026-06-01. Votes: House 99-0, Senate 38-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Establishes a duty of care for online platforms that enter into contracts with minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-la-2025-hb37 - Privacy act coverage of motor vehicle manufacturers (HB 3875). Oregon, Oregon Legislative Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-06-11: Chapter 163, 2025 Laws, effective on the 91st day after adjournment sine die). Votes: House 51-0, Senate 27-0. Topics: privacy, data. Extends the Oregon Consumer Privacy Act to motor vehicle manufacturers and their affiliates that control or process personal data obtained from a consumer's use of a vehicle, regardless of volume thresholds. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-or-2025-hb3875 - Prior authorization and AI use by health insurers (SB 128). Nevada, Nevada Legislature. bill, Vetoed (last action 2025-06-10: Vetoed by the governor). Votes: Senate 15-6, Assembly 23-16. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Would have set rules for denials of prior authorization requests and barred health insurers from relying solely on AI or automated systems to make adverse determinations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nv-2025-sb128 - Transparency and Accountability in AI Use by Health Insurers Act (S 13). Rhode Island, Rhode Island General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2025-06-10: Senate passed Sub A; no House action before the 2025 session ended). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Would require health insurers to disclose and oversee their use of AI in coverage and claims decisions. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ri-2025-s13 - Processing of children's data and social media age verification (SB 63). Nevada, Nevada Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-06-03: No further action taken at end of session). Votes: Senate 13-8. Topics: online-safety, privacy, platforms. Would have restricted processing of children's personal data by online services and required social media platforms to verify users' ages and obtain parental consent for minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nv-2025-sb63 - Registration and regulation of AI companies (SB 199). Nevada, Nevada Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-06-03: No further action taken at end of session). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Would have required artificial intelligence companies to register with and be regulated by the Bureau of Consumer Protection in the Office of the Attorney General. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nv-2025-sb199 - Relating to Data Sharing (Data Sharing and Governance Working Group) (SB 742). Hawaii, Hawaii State Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-06-03: Act 154). Votes: Senate 25-0 (final). Sponsors: D. Topics: data, government-ai. Establishes a Data Sharing and Governance Working Group in the Office of Enterprise Technology Services and requires a report to the Legislature. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hi-2025-sb742 - Intimate Digital Depictions Criminal and Civil Actions (SB 25-288). Colorado, Colorado General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-06-02: Signed by the governor). Effective 2025-08-06. Votes: Senate 31-0, House 43-0, Senate repassed 35-0. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: deepfakes, ai. Creates civil and criminal remedies for the nonconsensual disclosure of AI-generated or digitally altered intimate depictions of identifiable people. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-co-2025-sb25-288 - Age-Appropriate Online Design Code Act (LB 504). Nebraska, Nebraska Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2025-05-30: Approved by the governor). Votes: Final Reading 42-7. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, privacy, platforms. Requires covered online services likely to be used by minors to exercise reasonable care in design, limit data collection and use of minors' data, and set protective default settings. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ne-2025-lb504 - Child sexual abuse material, including depictions of purported children (AB 35). Nevada, Nevada Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-05-30: Approved by the governor, Chapter 141, effective on approval). Effective 2025-05-30. Votes: Assembly 42-0, Senate 20-0. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety. Revises terminology for materials depicting minors in sexual conduct and prohibits possessing or distributing obscene material depicting a purported child, reaching computer-generated images. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nv-2025-ab35 - No Pricing Coordination Between Landlords (HB 25-1004). Colorado, Colorado General Assembly. bill, Vetoed (last action 2025-05-29: Vetoed by the governor). Votes: House 43-22, Senate 22-12, House repassed 42-21. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, data. Would have barred landlords from using algorithmic software that coordinates rental pricing across properties in the same market. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-co-2025-hb25-1004 - Sexual Images (HB 757). Florida, Florida Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-05-28: Chapter No. 2025-99). Effective 2025-10-01. Votes: House 115-0, Senate 37-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety. Makes it a crime to generate, solicit, or maliciously promote an altered sexual depiction of an identifiable person without consent and expands offenses for lewd images of minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-fl-2025-hb757 - Social media ban for minors (HB 186). Texas, Texas Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-05-27: Died in the Senate when the regular session adjourned sine die (last action: Senate co-sponsor authorized)). Votes: House 116-25. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would have prohibited social media platforms from allowing Texas residents younger than 18 to hold accounts. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-hb186 - Digital expression and social media censorship (SB 1626). Texas, Texas Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-05-27: Died on the House calendar when the regular session adjourned sine die). Votes: Senate 22-9. Sponsors: R. Topics: platforms. Would have restricted censorship of or interference with digital expression on social media platforms and email services. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb1626 - SCOPE Act applicability amendment (SB 1860). Texas, Texas Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-05-27: Died on the House calendar when the regular session adjourned sine die). Votes: Senate 31-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would have amended the applicability section of the SCOPE Act (Business and Commerce Code Chapter 509) governing protection of minors from harmful material on digital services. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb1860 - Virtual currency kiosk regulation (SB 1705). Texas, Texas Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-05-27: Died on the House calendar when the regular session adjourned sine die). Votes: Senate 27-4. Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Would have regulated virtual currency kiosks, with administrative penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb1705 - Penalties for sexually explicit deepfake media (SB 442). Texas, Texas Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-05-26: Died on the House calendar when the regular session adjourned sine die). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: deepfakes. Would have increased criminal penalties for unlawful production or distribution of certain sexually explicit deepfake media. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb442 - School policies on student deepfake intimate images (SB 747). Texas, Texas Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-05-26: Died on the House calendar when the regular session adjourned sine die). Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety. Would have required public school policies and programs on the production or distribution of intimate visual material, including deepfakes, by students. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb747 - Account settings for minor users of digital services (SB 2881). Texas, Texas Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-05-25: Died in the House when the regular session adjourned sine die (committee report distributed)). Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would have regulated access and communications settings for minors' accounts on digital services. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb2881 - An Act to Limit the Amount of Electricity That May Be Provided to Data Centers on a Certain Commercial or Industrial Site (LD 912). Maine, Maine Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-05-23: Signed by the governor as an emergency measure (Public Law chapter 85)). Effective 2025-05-23. Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Limits the amount of electricity that may be provided to data centers on a certain commercial or industrial site, enacted as an emergency measure. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-me-2025-ld912 - AI-generated child sexual abuse material (Act 57 of 2025) (S 28). South Carolina, South Carolina General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-05-22: Signed by Governor; Act No. 57). Effective 2025-05-22. Votes: Senate 43-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, ai, online-safety. Creates offenses for creating, possessing or distributing AI-generated or computer-generated sexual abuse material depicting minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-sc-2025-s28 - Morphed images of identifiable children (Act 58 of 2025) (S 29). South Carolina, South Carolina General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-05-22: Signed by Governor; Act No. 58). Effective 2025-05-22. Votes: Senate 45-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety. Makes it a crime to create or distribute a morphed image that sexually depicts an identifiable minor. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-sc-2025-s29 - Disclosure of automated social media posts (SB 2637). Texas, Texas Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-05-22: Died in the House when the regular session adjourned sine die (reported from committee)). Votes: Senate 26-4. Sponsors: D. Topics: platforms, ai. Would have required disclosures on certain automated (bot) posts on social media platforms, with civil penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb2637 - Digital replication rights in voice and likeness (SB 1960). Texas, Texas Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-05-21: Died in House committee when the regular session adjourned sine die). Votes: Senate 31-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, deepfakes, copyright. Would have created property rights in a person's digital replica of voice and visual likeness, with private causes of action for unauthorized use. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb1960 - AI in health insurance utilization review (HB 820). Maryland, Maryland General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-05-20: Approved by the governor (Chapter 747)). Effective 2025-10-01. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Requires insurers, pharmacy benefit managers and private review agents that use AI or algorithms in utilization review to use them in a manner that meets set standards. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-md-2025-hb820 - Digital financial asset transaction kiosks (SF 449). Iowa, Iowa Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-05-19: Signed by the governor (Acts Chapter 85)). Effective 2025-05-19. Votes: Senate 45-2, House 77-12. Topics: crypto. Regulates digital financial asset (cryptocurrency) transaction kiosks and sets penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ia-2025-sf449 - Preventing Deepfake Images Act (HB 1299 / SB 1346). Tennessee, Tennessee General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-05-15: Signed by the governor (Public Chapter 466)). Effective 2025-07-01. Votes: Senate 32-0, House 94-0. Topics: deepfakes, ai. Creates civil and criminal actions for people whose intimate digital depictions, including AI deepfakes, are intentionally disclosed without consent. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tn-2025-hb1299 - Interconnection and operation of large loads (HB 3970). Texas, Texas Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-05-15: Died in Senate committee when the regular session adjourned sine die). Votes: House 142-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: datacenters. Would have set rules for interconnecting and operating large electric loads such as data centers on the ERCOT grid. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-hb3970 - An Act Concerning Artificial Intelligence (2025) (SB 2). Connecticut, Connecticut General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2025-05-14: Passed Senate; not taken up by the House before the session ended). Topics: ai, employment. Would have regulated high-risk AI systems used in consequential decisions and created other AI provisions; it passed the Senate but not the House. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ct-2024-sb2 - Office of Information Technology Cybersecurity Duties (HB 207). Alabama, Alabama Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-05-14: Enacted as Act 2025-369). Effective 2025-10-01. Votes: House 103-0, Senate 30-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: cybersecurity, government-ai. Expands the state Office of Information Technology's duties to include cybersecurity and functions of former finance department IT divisions. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-al-2025-hb207 - Crime of disclosing explicit synthetic media (SB 413). Montana, Montana Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-05-13: Signed by the governor, effective on approval). Effective 2025-05-13. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety, ai. Creates the crime of knowingly disclosing explicit AI-generated synthetic media of an identifiable person without consent. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mt-2025-sb413 - Internet Pornography; Minors; Age Verification (HB 2112). Arizona, Arizona Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-05-13: Signed by Governor, Chapter 193). Votes: House 35-23 (final), Senate 18-10. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms, privacy. Requires commercial websites with a substantial share of sexual material harmful to minors to verify users' ages and bars retention of identifying data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-az-2025-hb2112 - AI Commission: Add High School Student Member (HB 16). Delaware, Delaware General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-05-13: Signed by Governor). Effective 2025-05-13. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, government-ai. Adds a nonvoting high school student member to the Delaware Artificial Intelligence Commission. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-de-2025-hb16 - Artificial Intelligence Act (high-risk AI systems) (S 627). Rhode Island, Rhode Island General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2025-05-12: Committee recommended measure be held for further study). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, employment. Would require developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems used in consequential decisions to use reasonable care against algorithmic discrimination and conduct impact assessments. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ri-2025-s627 - Digital Assets Strategic Reserve Fund (SB 1373). Arizona, Arizona Legislature. bill, Vetoed (last action 2025-05-12: Vetoed by Governor). Votes: Senate 17-11 (final), House 37-19. Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Would have created a state digital assets strategic reserve fund. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-az-2025-sb1373 - Indistinguishable Visual Depiction; Definition (AI child sexual abuse material) (HB 2678). Arizona, Arizona Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-05-12: Signed by Governor, Chapter 174). Votes: House 44-11 (final), Senate 26-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, deepfakes, online-safety. Treats a visual depiction indistinguishable from a real minor, including AI-generated imagery, as a dangerous crime against children. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-az-2025-hb2678 - Prior Authorization; Claims (HB 2175). Arizona, Arizona Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-05-12: Signed by Governor, Chapter 165). Votes: House 53-1 (final), Senate 29-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. Requires a medical director to individually review health insurance claim and prior authorization denials based on medical necessity, limiting sole reliance on automated or AI tools. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-az-2025-hb2175 - Unauthorized disclosure of intimate images (Act 37 of 2025) (H 3058). South Carolina, South Carolina General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-05-12: Signed by Governor; Act No. 37). Effective 2025-05-12. Votes: House 112-0 (concurrence). Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, privacy. Creates the crime of unauthorized disclosure of intimate images, with graduated penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-sc-2025-h3058 - AI Companion Models safeguards (FY2026 budget) (S 3008-C, Part U). New York, New York State Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-05-09: Signed by the governor as part of the FY2026 budget (Chapter 58 of 2025)). Topics: ai, online-safety. Regulates AI companion models offered in New York and establishes a suicide prevention fund. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ny-2025-s3008c-part-u - Algorithmic Pricing Disclosure (FY2026 budget) (S 3008-C, Part X). New York, New York State Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-05-09: Signed by the governor as part of the FY2026 budget (Chapter 58 of 2025)). Topics: ai, data, privacy. Requires businesses to disclose when a price for goods or services was set by an algorithm using the consumer's personal data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ny-2025-s3008c-part-x - Capture or Use of Biometric Identifier Act (CUBI) amendments (HB 3186). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-05-09: Attorney general announced $1.375 billion privacy settlement with Google that included biometric data claims). Effective 2009-09-01. Votes: House 144-0, Senate 31-0, House concurred 136-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: biometrics, privacy. Amended the Capture or Use of Biometric Identifier Act (Business and Commerce Code 503.001) to limit disclosure of commercially captured biometric identifiers and require their destruction within one year after the collection purpose expires; the act is enforced by the attorney general. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2009-hb3186 - AI cancer detection imaging grants (HB 2298). Texas, Texas Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-05-08: Died in the Senate when the regular session adjourned sine die). Votes: House 85-62. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Would have created a grant program for health care facilities using AI to scan medical images for cancer detection. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-hb2298 - Unclaimed Property; Virtual Currency; Security (HB 2749). Arizona, Arizona Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-05-07: Signed by Governor, Chapter 150). Votes: House 57-0, Senate 20-8. Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Creates a state fund to hold unclaimed virtual currency and other digital assets instead of liquidating them. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-az-2025-hb2749 - Energy generation resources (HB 1007). Indiana, Indiana General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-05-06: Signed by the governor (Public Law 217-2025)). Sponsors: R. Topics: datacenters. Creates a tax credit for small modular nuclear reactor manufacturing and lets utilities seek expedited approval of generation resource plans to meet customer load growth above a set threshold. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-in-2025-hb1007 - AI-generated child sexual abuse material (HB 1364). Oklahoma, Oklahoma Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-05-05: Approved by Governor). Effective 2025-11-01. Votes: House 90-0, Senate 46-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, ai, online-safety. Updates Oklahoma's obscenity and child sexual abuse material law to make AI-generated and computer-altered sexual depictions of minors unlawful. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ok-2025-hb1364 - Deceptive and Fraudulent Deepfakes in Election Communications (HB 1041). Arkansas, Arkansas General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2025-05-05: Died in House Committee at sine die adjournment). Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, elections. Would have prohibited deceptive and fraudulent deepfakes in election communications. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ar-2025-hb1041 - Public Monies; Investment; Virtual Currency (Bitcoin reserve) (SB 1025). Arizona, Arizona Legislature. bill, Vetoed (last action 2025-05-02: Vetoed by Governor). Votes: Senate 17-11, House 31-25. Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Would have allowed the state treasurer and state retirement system to invest a portion of public monies in virtual currency such as Bitcoin. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-az-2025-sb1025 - Computer-Generated Pictorial Representations; Unlawful Disclosure (SB 1462). Arizona, Arizona Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-05-02: Signed by Governor, Chapter 106). Votes: Senate 29-0 (final), House 33-24. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes. Makes it unlawful to disclose computer-generated sexual images of an identifiable person without consent. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-az-2025-sb1462 - Disclosure of altered media in political advertising (HB 366). Texas, Texas Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-04-30: Died in the Senate when the regular session adjourned sine die (received from the House, no committee action)). Votes: House 102-40. Sponsors: R. Topics: elections, deepfakes, ai. Would have required a disclosure on political advertising that contains AI-altered or synthetic media and made failure to disclose a criminal offense. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-hb366 - Private cause of action for explicit deepfakes (HB 421). Texas, Texas Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-04-30: Died in Senate committee when the regular session adjourned sine die). Votes: House 147-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes. Would have created a private cause of action against people who create certain explicit deepfake material. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-hb421 - AI, Deepfakes, Cybersecurity, Data Transfers (SB 2). Alaska, Alaska Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-04-29: Heard in Senate State Affairs; not passed before the Legislature adjourned in 2026). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, deepfakes, elections, government-ai, data. Would have required disclosure of election-related deepfakes, regulated state agency use of artificial intelligence, and governed data transfers between agencies. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ak-2025-sb2 - Personal Data Privacy/Social Media Safety (HB 462). North Carolina, North Carolina General Assembly. bill, In committee (last action 2025-04-29: Re-referred to House Committee on Commerce and Economic Development). Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: privacy, data, online-safety. Would create a comprehensive consumer data privacy law with added social media safety protections for minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nc-2025-hb462 - Social media mental health warning label (HB 499). Texas, Texas Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-04-29: Died in the Senate when the regular session adjourned sine die). Votes: House 98-46. Sponsors: D. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would have required certain social media platforms to display a warning label about the association between minors' social media use and mental health problems. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-hb499 - Virtual currency kiosk disclosures (HB 2798). Texas, Texas Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-04-29: Died in Senate committee when the regular session adjourned sine die). Votes: House 86-32. Sponsors: D. Topics: crypto. Would have required disclosures and other consumer protections for virtual currency kiosk transactions. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-hb2798 - Disclosure of AI use (SB 668). Texas, Texas Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-04-28: Died in House committee when the regular session adjourned sine die). Votes: Senate 30-1. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. Would have required disclosure of information regarding artificial intelligence use. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2025-sb668 - Protections for Users of Social Media (SB 25-086). Colorado, Colorado General Assembly. bill, Vetoed (last action 2025-04-25: Senate voted to override the veto 29-6; House did not take up the override, so the bill did not become law). Votes: Senate 28-5, House 46-18, Senate override 29-6. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would have required social media companies to publish policies, respond to reported content violations and cooperate with law enforcement; the governor vetoed it and the veto was not overridden. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-co-2025-sb25-086 - Qualified data center sales tax exemption (SB 98). Kansas, Kansas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-04-24: Approved by the governor). Effective 2025-07-01. Votes: Senate 39-1, House 105-17, conference report House 85-37, Senate 26-8. Topics: datacenters. Provides a sales tax exemption for building or remodeling qualified data centers and buying data center equipment for firms that invest at least $250 million and meet Kansas job requirements. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ks-2025-sb98 - Commercial entity liability for sexual material harmful to minors (SB 2380). North Dakota, North Dakota Legislative Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-04-24: Signed by the governor). Votes: Senate 47-0, House 90-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Sets liability and penalties for commercial entities that publish or distribute sexual material harmful to minors without age verification. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nd-2025-sb2380 - Data Privacy: Consumer Data Processing and Rights (2025) (HB 283). Alabama, Alabama Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-04-24: Referred to Senate Fiscal Responsibility and Economic Development; died at adjournment). Votes: House 102-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, data. Would have created consumer data privacy rights and regulated how businesses process personal data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-al-2025-hb283 - Disclosure of intimate digital depictions (HB 362). Missouri, Missouri General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2025-04-23: Perfected with amendments in the House; not passed before session ended). Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety. Would have created a criminal offense and civil penalties for disclosing intimate digital depictions of a person without consent. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mo-2025-hb362 - App Store Age Verification and Parental Consent (2025) (SB 187). Alabama, Alabama Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-04-22: Referred to House Children and Senior Advocacy; died at adjournment). Votes: Senate 27-5. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would have required app store providers to verify user ages and obtain parental consent for minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-al-2025-sb187 - Computer-Generated Child Sexual Abuse Material (HB 1877). Arkansas, Arkansas General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-04-22: Became Act 977). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, deepfakes, online-safety. Extends child sexual abuse material possession offenses to computer-generated images indistinguishable from a real child. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ar-2025-hb1877 - Private Right of Action Against Harmful Social Media Platforms (SB 612). Arkansas, Arkansas General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-04-22: Became Act 901). Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Creates a private right of action against social media platforms whose designs or algorithms cause harm and penalizes platforms that knowingly contribute to a minor's suicide or attempt. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ar-2025-sb612 - Social Media Safety Act Amendments (SB 611). Arkansas, Arkansas General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-04-22: Became Act 900). Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Amends the Social Media Safety Act, which a federal court had blocked, to revise its age verification and parental consent rules for social media platforms. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ar-2025-sb611 - Virtual currency kiosks registration and regulation (SB 305). Maryland, Maryland General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-04-22: Approved by the governor (Chapter 117)). Effective 2025-07-01. Sponsors: D. Topics: crypto. Requires virtual currency kiosk operators to register with the state and meet operating requirements enforced by the Commissioner of Financial Regulation. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-md-2025-sb305 - Interim study of artificial intelligence (HJ 4). Montana, Montana Legislature. resolution, Adopted (last action 2025-04-22: Filed with the Secretary of State). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. Requests an interim legislative study of artificial intelligence and its effects on Montana. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mt-2025-hj4 - Workgroup on Artificial Intelligence Implementation (HB 956). Maryland, Maryland General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-04-22: Approved by the governor (Chapter 105)). Effective 2025-07-01. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Creates a workgroup to monitor and make recommendations on AI regulation, consumer protection and private sector AI use. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-md-2025-hb956 - Arkansas Children and Teens' Online Privacy Protection Act (HB 1717). Arkansas, Arkansas General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-04-21: Became Act 952). Effective 2026-07-01. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, online-safety, data. Restricts collection and use of personal information of children and teens by online services, including limits on targeted advertising, and gives parents and teens data rights. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ar-2025-hb1717 - Ownership of Model Training and Content Generated by Generative AI (HB 1876). Arkansas, Arkansas General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-04-21: Became Act 927). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, copyright. Provides that, with exceptions, the person who supplies input to a generative AI tool owns the generated content and any resulting model training, provided it does not infringe existing rights. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ar-2025-hb1876 - Possession of computer-generated sexual images of minors (HB 1386). North Dakota, North Dakota Legislative Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-04-21: Signed by the governor). Votes: House 92-2, Senate 46-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety, ai. Makes knowingly possessing certain computer-generated sexual images depicting minors a class C felony. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nd-2025-hb1386 - Harassment and stalking with a robot (HB 1429). North Dakota, North Dakota Legislative Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-04-21: Signed by the governor). Votes: House 91-0, Senate 45-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. Adds the use of robots, including AI-driven systems that sense and act on their environment, to the crimes of harassment and stalking. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nd-2025-hb1429 - Blockchain Technology; Regulation; Computational Power (HB 2342). Arizona, Arizona Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-04-18: Signed by Governor, Chapter 81). Votes: House 39-19, Senate 17-12. Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Bars cities and towns from prohibiting individuals from using computational power or running a blockchain node at home. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-az-2025-hb2342 - Public Entity Artificial Intelligence Use Policies (HB 1958). Arkansas, Arkansas General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-04-17: Became Act 848). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, government-ai. Requires public entities to adopt a policy on the authorized use of artificial intelligence. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ar-2025-hb1958 - Unlawful Creation or Distribution of Deepfake Visual Material (HB 1529). Arkansas, Arkansas General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-04-17: Became Act 827). Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes. Creates a crime and a civil cause of action for creating or distributing sexual deepfake visual material without consent. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ar-2025-hb1529 - Cloud Center of Excellence (HB 1491). Mississippi, Mississippi Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-04-17: Approved by the governor (Chapter 500)). Effective 2025-07-01. Sponsors: R. Topics: government-ai, data, cybersecurity. Establishes a Cloud Center of Excellence in the Department of Information Technology Services to manage phased cloud adoption, security and governance across state agencies. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ms-2025-hb1491 - FY 2024-2025 operating budget: Social Media Parental Notification Act (HB 33). Ohio, Ohio General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-04-16: Social Media Parental Notification Act declared unconstitutional and permanently enjoined by U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio). Effective 2024-01-15. Votes: Conference report: House 67-30, Senate 25-6. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. State operating budget that included the Social Media Parental Notification Act, requiring social media and online gaming platforms to obtain parental consent before contracting with users under 16. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-oh-2023-hb33 - Montana Right to Compute Act (SB 212). Montana, Montana Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-04-16: Signed by the governor, effective on approval). Effective 2025-04-16. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, cybersecurity. Limits government restrictions on private ownership and use of computational resources and requires deployers of critical AI systems controlling critical infrastructure to adopt a risk management policy and shutdown capability. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mt-2025-sb212 - Forged digital likeness crime (HB 1205). Washington, Washington State Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-04-16: Governor signed; Chapter 51, 2025 Laws). Effective 2025-07-27. Votes: House 90-7, Senate 43-6. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, ai. Makes it a crime to knowingly distribute a forged digital likeness of a real person with intent to defraud, harass, threaten or intimidate. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wa-2025-hb1205 - Strategic Bitcoin Reserve Act (HB 1203). Oklahoma, Oklahoma Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-04-14: Failed in Senate Revenue and Taxation Committee). Votes: House 77-15. Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Would let the State Treasurer and state retirement funds invest a share of public funds in bitcoin and other digital assets. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ok-2025-hb1203 - Artificial intelligence disclosure statements in political content (HB 1167). North Dakota, North Dakota Legislative Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-04-10: Signed by the governor). Votes: House 90-0, Senate 46-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, elections, deepfakes. Requires political communications and advertising created with artificial intelligence to include a disclosure statement. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nd-2025-hb1167 - Commercial entity liability for publishing material harmful to minors (HB 1561). North Dakota, North Dakota Legislative Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-04-10: Signed by the governor). Votes: House 91-0, Senate 46-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Makes commercial entities that publish or distribute sexual material harmful to minors online liable unless they use age verification. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nd-2025-hb1561 - Obscene visual representations of child sexual abuse (House bill) (H 3045). South Carolina, South Carolina General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2025-04-10: Referred to Senate Judiciary; no further action). Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, ai. Would have created offenses for obscene visual representations of child sexual abuse; it did not advance past Senate committee. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-sc-2025-h3045 - Ban on DeepSeek and foreign-adversary AI on state devices (HB 2313). Kansas, Kansas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-04-08: Approved by the governor). Effective 2025-07-01. Votes: House 95-27, Senate 37-3, House conference 87-38. Topics: ai, government-ai, cybersecurity. Prohibits the AI platform DeepSeek and other AI platforms controlled by a country of concern on state-owned devices and networks, and bars genetic sequencers or analysis software produced in a foreign adversary. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ks-2025-hb2313 - Voter influence by fraud including synthetic media (SB 361). Maryland, Maryland General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2025-04-07: Senate refused to concur in House amendments; no final passage before the session ended). Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, elections. Would have prohibited using fraud, including synthetic media such as deepfakes, to influence a voter's decision; cross-filed with HB 525. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-md-2025-sb361 - Criminal penalties for deceptive deepfake media (A3540). New Jersey, New Jersey Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-04-02: Approved, P.L.2025, c.40). Votes: Assembly 64-13, Senate 39-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, ai. Establishes criminal penalties for producing or disseminating deceptive AI-generated audio or visual media, commonly called deepfakes. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nj-2024-a3540 - High-Risk Artificial Intelligence Developer and Deployer Act (HB 2094). Virginia, Virginia General Assembly. bill, Vetoed (last action 2025-04-02: House sustained the governor's veto). Votes: House 51-47, Senate 21-19, House concurred 52-46. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, employment. Would have required developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems to protect consumers from algorithmic discrimination, with civil penalties enforced by the Attorney General. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-va-2025-hb2094 - Deepfakes to influence an election (SB 164). South Dakota, South Dakota Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-03-31: Signed by the Governor). Votes: Senate 32-3, House 45-24. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, elections, ai. Makes it a misdemeanor to distribute a deepfake of a candidate with intent to injure the candidate within a set period before an election unless it carries a disclosure. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-sd-2025-sb164 - Data center enterprise tax exemptions revision (HB 1239). Mississippi, Mississippi Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-03-29: Died in conference). Sponsors: R. Topics: datacenters. Would have revised definitions and other provisions of the tax exemptions for data center enterprises. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ms-2025-hb1239 - Artificial Intelligence Consumer Protection Amendments (SB 226). Utah, Utah Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-03-27: Signed by the governor). Effective 2025-05-07. Votes: Senate 24-0, House 69-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. Narrows the Artificial Intelligence Policy Act's generative AI disclosure duties to clear consumer requests and high-risk interactions in consumer transactions and regulated services. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ut-2025-sb226 - Digital Choice Act (Data Sharing Amendments) (HB 418). Utah, Utah Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-03-27: Signed by the governor). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: House 64-1, Senate 20-5, House concurred 73-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: data, platforms, privacy. Requires social media platforms to let Utah users export their data and to support interoperability so users can move their content and connections to other services. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ut-2025-hb418 - Consumer Privacy Act (SB 757). North Carolina, North Carolina General Assembly. bill, In committee (last action 2025-03-26: Referred to Senate Committee on Rules and Operations). Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, data. Would create a comprehensive consumer data privacy law for North Carolina. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nc-2025-sb757 - Persona usage rights and deepfake prohibitions (HB 185). Ohio, Ohio General Assembly. bill, In committee (last action 2025-03-26: Referred to House committee). Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, ai, copyright. Would regulate use of an individual's persona and prohibit certain deepfakes. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-oh-2025-hb185 - Artificial Intelligence Amendments (mental health chatbots) (HB 452). Utah, Utah Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-03-25: Signed by the governor). Effective 2025-05-07. Votes: House 70-0, Senate 28-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, privacy, online-safety. Regulates mental health chatbots that use AI, with disclosure, advertising and user data protections for Utah users. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ut-2025-hb452 - Artificial Intelligence Revisions (SB 332). Utah, Utah Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-03-25: Signed by the governor). Votes: Senate 24-0, House 74-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai. Extends the repeal date of the Artificial Intelligence Policy Act. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ut-2025-sb332 - State government AI governance and election synthetic media (SB 4). Kentucky, Kentucky General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-03-24: Signed by the governor (Acts Ch. 66), effective immediately under an emergency clause). Effective 2025-03-24. Votes: Senate 30-3, House 86-10. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, government-ai, deepfakes, elections. Requires the Commonwealth Office of Technology to set AI policy standards and creates an Artificial Intelligence Governance Committee for state agency AI use, and creates a cause of action over undisclosed synthetic media in electioneering communications. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ky-2025-sb4 - Blockchain digital assets (HB 701). Kentucky, Kentucky General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-03-24: Signed by the governor (Acts Ch. 50)). Effective 2025-06-27. Votes: House 91-0, Senate 37-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Protects individuals' use of digital assets and self-custody wallets, sets rules for running blockchain nodes and digital asset mining, and exempts certain blockchain activities from money transmitter and securities rules. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ky-2025-hb701 - Ban on AI-driven dynamic pricing (HF 2452). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-03-20: Senate companion SF 3098 reported without recommendation by Judiciary and Public Safety on 2026-03-18; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Would prohibit using artificial intelligence to dynamically set product prices. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf2452 - Artificial Intelligence Regulation (AIR) Task Force (SB 2426). Mississippi, Mississippi Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-03-18: Approved by the governor (Chapter 385), effective on passage). Effective 2025-03-18. Topics: ai, government-ai. Creates the Artificial Intelligence Regulation Task Force to study AI applications, risks and policy and report recommendations to the Legislature annually. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ms-2025-sb2426 - Consumer data privacy amendments (HB 473). Kentucky, Kentucky General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-03-15: Signed by the governor (Acts Ch. 13)). Effective 2025-06-27. Votes: House 96-0, Senate 38-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, data. Amends the Kentucky Consumer Data Protection Act to exempt certain HIPAA-covered health care information and limited data sets and to clarify data protection assessments for profiling. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ky-2025-hb473 - Age verification for websites with harmful material (HB 43). Wyoming, Wyoming Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-03-13: Signed by the Governor; assigned Chapter 139). Effective 2025-07-01. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Requires websites that publish material harmful to minors to verify visitors' ages, with civil remedies, liability and damages for violations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wy-2025-hb43 - Data center energy generation redundancy (HF 28). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-03-13: Laid on the table on the House floor; Senate companion SF 1393 was reported to pass by committee on 2025-04-28; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: R. Topics: datacenters. Would provide for data center energy generation redundancy by easing rules for backup generation at data centers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf28 - Social media limits for minors 15 and younger (HF 1875). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-03-05: Referred to Commerce Finance and Policy; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would regulate social media use by minors ages 15 and younger and require anonymous age verification for websites harmful to minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf1875 - Minor access and use of social media (SB 11). Indiana, Indiana General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2025-03-03: Passed Senate; referred to House Judiciary Committee and not passed before the session ended). Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would have required social media operators to obtain verifiable parental consent before users under 16 could use their platforms, with Attorney General enforcement. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-in-2025-sb11 - Electric utility service agreements for large loads (SF 193). Wyoming, Wyoming Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-03-03: Died in committee; returned pursuant to Senate Rule 5-4). Sponsors: R. Topics: datacenters. Would have set terms for electric utility service agreements with large-load electricity customers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wy-2025-sf193 - State funds investment in Bitcoin (HB 201). Wyoming, Wyoming Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-03-03: Died in committee; returned pursuant to House Rule 5-4). Topics: crypto. Would have allowed the state to invest certain public funds in Bitcoin. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wy-2025-hb201 - Age verification for websites with material harmful to minors (HB 1053). South Dakota, South Dakota Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-02-27: Signed by the Governor). Votes: House 61-5, Senate 34-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Requires websites containing a substantial amount of material harmful to minors to verify users' ages, with criminal penalties for violations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-sd-2025-hb1053 - Artificial Intelligence Act (HB 60). New Mexico, New Mexico Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-02-25: Committee substitute reported by House Judiciary Committee; died at end of session). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Would have enacted the Artificial Intelligence Act to regulate the development and deployment of artificial intelligence systems. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nm-2025-hb60 - Frank Broyles Publicity Rights Protection Act Amendment (AI likeness) (HB 1071). Arkansas, Arkansas General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-02-25: Became Act 159). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, deepfakes, copyright. Extends Arkansas publicity rights to protect a person's photograph, voice, or likeness reproduced through artificial intelligence and used commercially. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ar-2025-hb1071 - State investment in Bitcoin (HB 1202). South Dakota, South Dakota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-02-24: Deferred to the 41st legislative day by House Commerce and Energy). Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Would have allowed the state to invest public funds in Bitcoin. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-sd-2025-hb1202 - Ban on social media algorithms that target children (HF 48). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-02-20: Author added; Died when the 2025-2026 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would prohibit social media platforms from using algorithms to target user-created content at minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2025-hf48 - Synthetic media and AI in political advertising (SB 484). West Virginia, West Virginia Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-02-14: Introduced in Senate; died when the 2025 session adjourned). Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, elections, ai. Would have required disclosures and set penalties for synthetic media and AI used in political programming and campaign advertising. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wv-2025-sb484 - Artificial Intelligence, Limitations on Regulation (S 1067). Idaho, Idaho Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-02-07: Introduced and referred for printing; no further action before adjournment). Topics: ai. Would have set limits on state and local regulation of artificial intelligence. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-id-2025-s1067 - High-risk artificial intelligence developer and deployer requirements (SB 936). Maryland, Maryland General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2025-02-06: Hearing scheduled in Senate Finance; no further action). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, employment. Would have required developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems to use reasonable care to protect consumers from algorithmic discrimination. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-md-2025-sb936 - Data Center Workgroup (EO 25-05). Washington, Governor of Washington. executive-order, In force (last action 2025-02-03: Signed by Governor Bob Ferguson). Effective 2025-02-03. Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Creates a workgroup to study data center energy use, grid impacts, tax incentives and economic benefits and to recommend state policy. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wa-2025-eo-25-05 - Responsible Deployment of AI Systems Act (HB 1916). Oklahoma, Oklahoma Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-02-03: First reading in the House; no further action before the 2026 session adjourned). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Would require deployers of high-risk AI systems to classify, assess and document them and to notify people when such systems influence consequential decisions, and would create an AI council and regulatory sandbox. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ok-2025-hb1916 - Synthetic Media: Liability; Elections (SB 33). Alaska, Alaska Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2025-01-22: Referred to Senate State Affairs then Judiciary; no further passage). Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, elections. Would have created defamation liability for synthetic media and regulated its use in elections. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ak-2025-sb33 - Data center sales tax exemption (Public Act 207 of 2024) (HB 4906). Michigan, Michigan Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-01-17: Approved by the governor (Public Act 207 of 2024)). Effective 2025-04-17. Votes: House 79-30, Senate 22-11. Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Exempts qualifying enterprise data center equipment from the state sales tax, with a companion use tax exemption in SB 237 (Public Act 181 of 2024). https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mi-2023-hb4906 - New Jersey Data Privacy Act (S332). New Jersey, New Jersey Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-01-15: Took effect). Effective 2025-01-15. Votes: Senate 27-11, Assembly 46-27, Senate concurrence 21-14. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Creates a comprehensive consumer data privacy law requiring notice of data collection and giving residents rights to access, correct, delete and opt out of the sale, targeted advertising and profiling uses of their personal data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nj-2022-s332 - Nebraska Data Privacy Act (in banking and finance omnibus) (LB 1074). Nebraska, Nebraska Legislature. law, In force (last action 2025-01-01: Data Privacy Act took effect). Effective 2025-01-01. Votes: Final Reading 47-0-2. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, data. Omnibus banking bill that adopted the Nebraska Data Privacy Act, a comprehensive consumer privacy law with rights to access, delete and opt out of sale, targeted advertising and profiling. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ne-2023-lb1074 - New Hampshire consumer data privacy law (SB 255). New Hampshire, New Hampshire General Court. law, In force (last action 2025-01-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-01-01. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, data. Creates a comprehensive consumer data privacy law giving residents rights to access, correct, delete and opt out of the sale, targeted advertising and profiling uses of their personal data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nh-2023-sb255 - Prohibiting certain uses of deepfakes (HB 1432). New Hampshire, New Hampshire General Court. law, In force (last action 2025-01-01: Took effect). Effective 2025-01-01. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, ai. Prohibits certain uses of deepfakes and creates a private right of action for people harmed by them. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nh-2023-hb1432 - Data center use tax exemption (Public Act 181 of 2024) (SB 237). Michigan, Michigan Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-12-30: Approved by the governor (Public Act 181 of 2024)). Votes: Senate 24-11, House 56-41, Senate concurrence 23-12. Sponsors: D. Topics: datacenters. Exempts data center equipment used by a qualifying enterprise data center from the use tax, tie-barred to the HB 4906 sales tax exemption. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mi-2023-sb237 - Legislative Oversight of Automated Decision-making in Government (LOADinG) Act (S 7543-B / A 9430-B). New York, New York State Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-12-21: Signed by the governor (Chapter 674 of 2024)). Effective 2024-12-21. Votes: Senate 61-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: government-ai, ai. Requires state agencies to apply meaningful human review to automated decision-making systems that affect benefits or individual rights, conduct impact assessments and disclose the systems they use. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ny-2023-s7543 - Modernize Sex Crimes (HB 591). North Carolina, North Carolina General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-12-01: Took effect). Effective 2024-12-01. Votes: House concurrence 105-1. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety, ai. Updates sexual exploitation of minor laws to cover realistic visual depictions created or modified with algorithms or artificial intelligence, and revises related sex crime provisions. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nc-2023-hb591 - AI-generated child sexual abuse material and deepfake intimate images (Act 125 of 2024) (SB 1213). Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-10-29: Act No. 125 of 2024, approved by the Governor). Votes: Senate 49-0 (concurrence), House 202-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, ai, online-safety. Makes AI-generated and digitally altered sexual images of children child sexual abuse material and extends the unlawful dissemination of intimate images offense to deepfakes. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-pa-2023-sb1213 - Use of Deep Fake Technology to Influence an Election (HS 1 for HB 316). Delaware, Delaware General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-10-09: Signed by Governor). Effective 2024-10-09. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, deepfakes, elections. Makes it a crime to distribute a deceptive deepfake of a candidate or party within 90 days of an election unless it carries a disclosure. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-de-2023-hb316 - Deep Fakes: Civil and Criminal Remedies (HB 353). Delaware, Delaware General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-10-09: Signed by Governor). Effective 2024-10-09. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes. Extends Delaware's civil and criminal remedies for unauthorized intimate images to deepfakes depicting people nude or in sexual conduct. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-de-2023-hb353 - Defending Democracy from Deepfake Deception Act of 2024 (AB 2655). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-10-02: Challenged in federal court (Kohls v. Bonta); state agreed not to enforce it). Effective 2025-01-01. Votes: Assembly 56-1, Senate 31-9, Assembly concurrence 59-8. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, elections, platforms. Requires large online platforms to block or label materially deceptive AI-generated or altered content about candidates and election officials during set periods around elections. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-ab2655 - Montana Consumer Data Privacy Act (SB 384). Montana, Montana Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-10-01: Took effect). Effective 2024-10-01. Votes: Senate 50-0, House 96-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, data. Creates a comprehensive consumer data privacy law giving Montana residents rights to access, correct, delete and opt out of the sale and targeted advertising use of their personal data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mt-2023-sb384 - Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier Artificial Intelligence Models Act (SB 1047). California, California Legislature. bill, Vetoed (last action 2024-09-29: Vetoed by the governor). Votes: Senate 32-1, Assembly 48-16, Senate concurrence 30-9. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Would have required developers of the largest frontier AI models to adopt safety and security protocols, assess risks of critical harms and be able to fully shut down covered models. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-sb1047 - Crimes: AI-Generated Child Sexual Abuse Material (AB 1831). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-09-29: Signed by the governor; Chapter 926, Statutes of 2024). Effective 2025-01-01. Votes: Assembly 71-0, Senate 40-0, Assembly concurrence 73-0. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety, ai. Expands state child sexual abuse material crimes to cover matter that is digitally altered or generated by artificial intelligence. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-ab1831 - Generative Artificial Intelligence Accountability Act (SB 896). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-09-29: Signed by the governor; Chapter 928, Statutes of 2024). Effective 2025-01-01. Votes: Senate 38-0, Assembly 76-0, Senate concurrence 39-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: government-ai, ai. Requires state agencies to assess risks of generative AI use and to disclose when communications with the public about government services are generated by AI. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-sb896 - Generative AI Training Data Transparency (AB 2013). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-09-28: Signed by the governor; Chapter 817, Statutes of 2024). Effective 2026-01-01. Votes: Assembly 56-8, Senate 39-0, Assembly concurrence 75-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, data, copyright. Requires developers of generative AI systems released since January 1, 2022 to post documentation on their websites summarizing the data used to train them, by January 1, 2026. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-ab2013 - CCPA: Personal Information Formats (AB 1008). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-09-28: Signed by the governor; Chapter 802, Statutes of 2024). Effective 2025-01-01. Votes: Assembly 61-15, Senate 29-9, Assembly concurrence 55-15. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, ai. Clarifies that personal information under the CCPA can exist in various formats, including artificial intelligence systems capable of outputting personal information. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-ab1008 - Consumer Privacy: Neural Data (SB 1223). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-09-28: Signed by the governor; Chapter 887, Statutes of 2024). Effective 2025-01-01. Votes: Senate 38-0, Assembly 76-0, Senate concurrence 38-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, biometrics. Adds neural data, meaning information generated by measuring nervous system activity, to the CCPA definition of sensitive personal information. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-sb1223 - Health Care Services: Generative AI Patient Communications (AB 3030). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-09-28: Signed by the governor; Chapter 848, Statutes of 2024). Effective 2025-01-01. Votes: Assembly 71-0, Senate 40-0, Assembly concurrence 75-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Requires health facilities, clinics and physician offices that use generative AI for patient clinical communications to include a disclaimer and instructions for reaching a human provider. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-ab3030 - Physicians Make Decisions Act (SB 1120). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-09-28: Signed by the governor; Chapter 879, Statutes of 2024). Effective 2025-01-01. Votes: Senate 37-0, Assembly 76-0, Senate concurrence 40-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Requires health plans and insurers that use AI, algorithms or other software for utilization review to meet specified requirements, including leaving medical necessity decisions to licensed health care professionals. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-sb1120 - Artificial Intelligence: Uniform Definition (AB 2885). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-09-28: Signed by the governor; Chapter 843, Statutes of 2024). Effective 2025-01-01. Votes: Assembly 71-0, Senate 40-0, Assembly concurrence 76-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Establishes a uniform definition of artificial intelligence across California statutes. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-ab2885 - Crimes: Distribution of AI-Generated Intimate Images (SB 926). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-09-19: Signed by the governor; Chapter 289, Statutes of 2024). Effective 2025-01-01. Votes: Senate 38-0, Assembly 75-0, Senate concurrence 40-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes. Makes it a crime to intentionally create and distribute realistic computer-generated or digitally altered intimate images of an identifiable person that cause serious emotional distress. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-sb926 - Sexually Explicit Digital Images: Platform Reporting (SB 981). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-09-19: Signed by the governor; Chapter 292, Statutes of 2024). Effective 2025-01-01. Votes: Senate 36-0, Assembly 73-0, Senate concurrence 40-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, platforms, online-safety. Requires social media platforms to give California users a way to report sexually explicit digital identity theft and to temporarily block reported content while it is reviewed. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-sb981 - Digital Replicas in Personal Services Contracts (AB 2602). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-09-17: Signed by the governor; Chapter 259, Statutes of 2024). Effective 2025-01-01. Votes: Assembly 62-0, Senate 37-1, Assembly concurrence 73-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, employment, ai. Makes contract terms allowing a digital replica of a performer's voice or likeness in new performances unenforceable when specified protections, such as a reasonably specific description of uses and representation, are missing. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-ab2602 - Digital Replicas of Deceased Personalities (AB 1836). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-09-17: Signed by the governor; Chapter 258, Statutes of 2024). Effective 2025-01-01. Votes: Assembly 59-0, Senate 33-4, Assembly concurrence 57-8. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, ai. Makes a person who produces or distributes a digital replica of a deceased personality's voice or likeness in audiovisual works or sound recordings without prior consent liable for at least $10,000 or actual damages. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-ab1836 - Political Advertisements: Artificial Intelligence Disclosure (AB 2355). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-09-17: Signed by the governor; Chapter 260, Statutes of 2024). Effective 2025-01-01. Votes: Assembly 64-0, Senate 40-0, Assembly concurrence 75-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, elections, deepfakes. Requires committees that run political ads with AI-generated or substantially altered content to disclose that the ad was generated or altered using artificial intelligence. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-ab2355 - Social Media Regulation Amendments (Utah Minor Protection in Social Media Act) (SB 194). Utah, Utah Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-09-10: Preliminary injunction issued by U.S. District Court for the District of Utah in NetChoice's challenge). Votes: Senate 21-1, House 61-11. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms, privacy. Requires social media companies to use age assurance and apply default privacy and design protections to accounts of Utah minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ut-2024-sb194 - AI in Employment (Illinois Human Rights Act amendment) (HB 3773). Illinois, Illinois General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-08-09: Signed by the governor (Public Act 103-0804)). Effective 2026-01-01. Votes: House 106-0, Senate 57-0, House concurred 100-15. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, employment. Amends the Illinois Human Rights Act to bar employers from using AI that has a discriminatory effect in employment decisions, including using zip codes as a proxy for protected classes, and to require notice to employees. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-il-2023-hb3773 - AI-generated child sexual abuse material (HB 4623). Illinois, Illinois General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-08-09: Signed by the governor (Public Act 103-0825)). Effective 2025-01-01. Votes: House 113-0, Senate 58-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, ai, online-safety. Expands child pornography offenses to cover sexually explicit images of children created or altered with AI. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-il-2023-hb4623 - Digital Voice and Likeness Protection Act (HB 4762). Illinois, Illinois General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-08-09: Signed by the governor (Public Act 103-0830)). Effective 2024-08-09. Votes: House 108-0, Senate 55-0, House concurred 115-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, ai, copyright, employment. Makes contract terms allowing the creation of a digital replica of a performer's voice or likeness unenforceable unless the use is reasonably described and the person was represented. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-il-2023-hb4762 - Right of Publicity Act amendment (unauthorized digital replicas) (HB 4875). Illinois, Illinois General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-08-09: Signed by the governor (Public Act 103-0836)). Effective 2025-01-01. Votes: House 79-24, Senate 58-0, House concurred 112-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, ai, copyright. Amends the Right of Publicity Act to cover unauthorized digital replicas of a person's identity created with AI and to create liability for distributing them. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-il-2023-hb4875 - BIPA Amendment (Procedure and Damages) (SB 2979). Illinois, Illinois General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-08-02: Signed by the governor (Public Act 103-0769)). Effective 2024-08-02. Votes: Senate 46-13, House 81-30. Sponsors: D. Topics: biometrics, privacy. Amends BIPA so that repeated collection of the same person's biometric data by the same method counts as a single violation for damages, and allows electronic signatures for consent. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-il-2023-sb2979 - Disclosure of deceptive AI use in political advertising (HB 1596). New Hampshire, New Hampshire General Court. law, In force (last action 2024-08-02: Signed by the governor, Chapter 345). Effective 2024-08-01. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, elections, ai. Requires a disclosure when political advertising uses deceptive synthetic media created with artificial intelligence. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nh-2023-hb1596 - 2024 elections omnibus (deep fake election crime amendments) (HF 4772). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-08-01: Deep fake crime amendments took effect). Effective 2024-08-01. Votes: House 70-63, Senate 34-33. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, elections, ai. Elections omnibus that broadened the election deep fake crime to cover the period before nominating conventions and after absentee voting begins, lowered the knowledge standard to reckless disregard, and made convicted candidates forfeit nomination or office. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2023-hf4772 - Next New Jersey Program for artificial intelligence investments (S3432). New Jersey, New Jersey Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-07-25: Approved, P.L.2024, c.49). Votes: Senate 40-0, Assembly 60-14. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Establishes the Next New Jersey Program, under which the Economic Development Authority awards tax credits to eligible businesses making artificial intelligence investments in the state. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nj-2024-s3432 - Delaware Artificial Intelligence Commission (HB 333). Delaware, Delaware General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-07-17: Signed by Governor). Effective 2024-07-17. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, government-ai. Creates the Delaware Artificial Intelligence Commission to make recommendations on AI use and safety to the General Assembly and state technology department. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-de-2023-hb333 - Use of artificial intelligence by state agencies (HB 1688). New Hampshire, New Hampshire General Court. law, In force (last action 2024-07-12: Signed by the governor, Chapter 209). Effective 2024-07-01. Sponsors: D. Topics: government-ai, ai. Sets limits on how state agencies may use artificial intelligence systems. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nh-2023-hb1688 - Relating to Elections (materially deceptive media) (SB 2687). Hawaii, Hawaii State Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-07-03: Signed as Act 191; Public Citizen's tracker reports the law was later struck down in court). Votes: Senate 24-1 (final), House passed with none voting no. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, deepfakes, elections. Prohibits recklessly distributing materially deceptive media, such as AI deepfakes, in elections, subject to exceptions, and sets criminal penalties and civil remedies. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-hi-2023-sb2687 - Texas Data Privacy and Security Act (TDPSA) (HB 4). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-07-01: Took effect). Effective 2024-07-01. Votes: House 146-0, Senate 30-0, conference report: Senate 31-0, House 144-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, data. Comprehensive consumer data privacy law giving Texans rights to access, correct, delete and opt out of the sale, targeted advertising and profiling uses of their personal data, enforced by the attorney general. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2023-hb4 - Digital Fair Repair Act and Genetic Information Privacy Act (2023 commerce omnibus) (SF 2744). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-07-01: Digital Fair Repair Act took effect). Effective 2024-07-01. Votes: House 69-59, Senate 35-32. Sponsors: D. Topics: platforms, privacy, data. Commerce omnibus that enacted the Digital Fair Repair Act requiring manufacturers to provide parts, tools and documentation for digital electronic equipment, and the Genetic Information Privacy Act governing direct-to-consumer genetic testing data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2023-sf2744 - Rhode Island Data Transparency and Privacy Protection Act (H 7787). Rhode Island, Rhode Island General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-06-29: Effective without Governor's signature; Chapter 453). Effective 2026-01-01. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Creates a comprehensive consumer data privacy law giving Rhode Islanders rights over their personal data and requiring websites to disclose the personal data they collect and sell. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ri-2024-h7787 - Rhode Island Data Transparency and Privacy Protection Act (Senate bill) (S 2500). Rhode Island, Rhode Island General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-06-28: Effective without Governor's signature; Chapter 430). Effective 2026-01-01. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Senate companion enacting the Rhode Island Data Transparency and Privacy Protection Act, a comprehensive consumer data privacy law. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ri-2024-s2500 - An Act to prevent abuse and exploitation (Chapter 118 of the Acts of 2024) (H 4744). Massachusetts, Massachusetts General Court. law, In force (last action 2024-06-20: Signed by the governor, Chapter 118 of the Acts of 2024). Votes: House 156-0, Senate 38-0, enactment House 152-0. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety. Criminalizes sharing explicit images without consent, including AI-generated or digitally altered deepfake images, and addresses coercive control and youth sexting. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ma-2023-h4744 - New York Child Data Protection Act (S 7695-B / A 8149-A). New York, New York State Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-06-20: Signed by the governor (Chapter 121 of 2024)). Effective 2025-06-20. Votes: Senate 61-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, online-safety, data. Bars online operators from collecting, using or selling personal data of users under 18 unless strictly necessary or with informed consent. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ny-2023-s7695 - Deepfakes and AI in political advertising (SB 97). Louisiana, Louisiana Legislature. bill, Vetoed (last action 2024-06-20: Vetoed by the governor). Votes: Senate 37-0, House 78-21. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, deepfakes, elections. Would have regulated the use of deepfakes and artificial intelligence in political advertising. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-la-2024-sb97 - Data center equipment sales tax rebates (Act 730 of 2024) (HB 827). Louisiana, Louisiana Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-06-19: Signed by the governor (Act 730)). Effective 2024-07-01. Votes: House 83-4. Sponsors: R. Topics: datacenters. Provides sales and use tax rebates on qualifying data center and communications equipment. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-la-2024-hb827 - Ban on targeted advertising to minors on social media (Act 656 of 2024) (HB 577). Louisiana, Louisiana Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-06-18: Signed by the governor (Act 656)). Effective 2025-07-01. Votes: House 101-0, Senate conference report 37-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, privacy, platforms. Prohibits social media companies from collecting minors' data to use for targeted advertising. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-la-2024-hb577 - Age Verification for Material Harmful to Minors (HB 265). Delaware, Delaware General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2024-06-18: Passed House; assigned to Senate Executive Committee, died when the General Assembly ended). Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would have required commercial websites providing pornography or material harmful to minors to verify users' ages, with civil liability and penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-de-2023-hb265 - Vermont Data Privacy Act and age-appropriate design code (2024) (H.121). Vermont, Vermont General Assembly. bill, Vetoed (last action 2024-06-17: Governor's veto sustained in the Senate 14-15). Votes: House 139-0; veto override House 128-17, Senate 14-15. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, data, online-safety. Would have created a comprehensive consumer privacy law with a private right of action and a kids age-appropriate design code; the Governor vetoed it and the Senate sustained the veto. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-vt-2023-h121 - Deepfake Political Advertising Regulation Amendment Act of 2024 (B25-0832). District of Columbia, Council of the District of Columbia. bill, Failed (last action 2024-06-14: Notice of intent to act published; no further action before Council Period 25 ended). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, deepfakes, elections. Would have barred distributing artificial media in political advertising within 90 days of an election without required disclosures and allowed injunctive relief. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-dc-2023-b25-0832 - Unauthorized use of an individual's persona and deepfakes (HB 367). Ohio, Ohio General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2024-06-11: Reported by House Government Oversight Committee; died at end of session). Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, copyright. Would have regulated unauthorized use of an individual's persona, including deepfakes. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-oh-2023-hb367 - Artificial Intelligence and Biometric Technologies (AI Impact Task Force) (HB 24-1468). Colorado, Colorado General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-06-06: Signed by the governor). Effective 2024-06-06. Votes: House 37-24, Senate 28-6, House repassed 45-16. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, biometrics, government-ai. Expands and renames the state task force to study artificial intelligence, automated decision systems and biometric technologies and report findings to the legislature. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-co-2024-hb24-1468 - Privacy of Biometric Identifiers and Data (HB 24-1130). Colorado, Colorado General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-05-31: Signed by the governor). Effective 2025-07-01. Votes: House 60-0, Senate 33-0, House repassed 60-2. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: biometrics, privacy. Amends the Colorado Privacy Act to require written policies, notice and consent before collecting biometric identifiers, with retention and deletion rules. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-co-2024-hb24-1130 - Privacy Protections for Children's Online Data (SB 24-041). Colorado, Colorado General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-05-31: Signed by the governor). Effective 2025-10-01. Votes: Senate 33-0, House 61-0, Senate repassed 34-0. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: privacy, online-safety. Amends the Colorado Privacy Act to add heightened duties for online services that process the personal data of minors, including limits on targeted advertising, data sales and retention. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-co-2024-sb24-041 - Protect Tennessee Minors Act (HB 1614 / SB 1792). Tennessee, Tennessee General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-05-31: Signed by the governor (Public Chapter 1021)). Effective 2025-01-01. Votes: Senate 31-0, House 96-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety. Requires websites that publish a substantial portion of material harmful to minors to use reasonable age verification before granting access. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tn-2023-hb1614 - Election Communications; Deepfakes; Prohibition (SB 1359). Arizona, Arizona Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-05-29: Signed by Governor, Chapter 199). Votes: Senate 25-1 (final), House 56-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, deepfakes, elections. Prohibits distributing deceptive deepfakes of candidates in the period before an election unless they carry a clear disclosure. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-az-2024-sb1359 - Deepfake Recordings or Images (SB 1336). Arizona, Arizona Legislature. bill, Vetoed (last action 2024-05-29: Vetoed by Governor). Votes: Senate 17-9 (final), House 40-17. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes. Would have created offenses for certain deepfake recordings or images of real people. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-az-2024-sb1336 - Candidate Election Deepfake Disclosures (HB 24-1147). Colorado, Colorado General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-05-24: Signed by the governor). Effective 2024-07-01. Votes: House 42-18, Senate 24-10, House repassed 44-18. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, elections, ai. Requires disclosure statements on political communications that contain deepfakes of candidates and creates civil penalties and a private right of action for affected candidates. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-co-2024-hb24-1147 - Unlawful dissemination of AI-created images (Act 142 of 2024) (SB 6). Louisiana, Louisiana Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-05-22: Signed by the governor (Act 142)). Effective 2024-08-01. Votes: Senate 39-0, House 94-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, deepfakes. Creates the crime of unlawfully disseminating or selling images of another person created by artificial intelligence. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-la-2024-sb6 - Child Online Safety Act (Act 198 of 2024) (H 3424). South Carolina, South Carolina General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-05-21: Signed by Governor; Act No. 198). Effective 2024-05-21. Votes: House 100-1. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Requires websites that publish a substantial portion of material harmful to minors to verify users' ages. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-sc-2023-h3424 - Digital Impersonation; Injunctive Relief (HB 2394). Arizona, Arizona Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-05-21: Signed by Governor, Chapter 193, emergency measure). Effective 2024-05-21. Votes: House 57-0 (final), Senate 29-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, deepfakes, elections. Lets a person whose likeness is used in an unauthorized digital impersonation seek a court declaration and injunctive relief. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-az-2024-hb2394 - Distribution of Materially Deceptive Media in Elections (HB 172). Alabama, Alabama Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-05-16: Enacted as Act 2024-349). Effective 2024-10-01. Votes: House 100-0, Senate 35-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, deepfakes, elections. Makes it a crime to distribute materially deceptive AI-generated media to influence an upcoming election without a disclosure and allows injunctions against distributors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-al-2024-hb172 - Facial recognition technology in criminal procedure (SB 182). Maryland, Maryland General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-05-16: Approved by the governor (Chapter 808)). Effective 2024-10-01. Sponsors: D. Topics: biometrics, ai. Sets requirements, procedures and prohibitions for law enforcement use of facial recognition technology, including a training program and annual reporting. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-md-2024-sb182 - Protecting Children from Social Media Act (HB 1891 / SB 2097). Tennessee, Tennessee General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-05-13: Signed by the governor (Public Chapter 899)). Effective 2025-01-01. Votes: House 88-2, Senate 30-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Requires social media companies to verify the age of account holders and obtain parental consent for minors to open accounts, and gives parents supervision tools. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tn-2023-hb1891 - Deepfakes: Liability; Elections (HB 358). Alaska, Alaska Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2024-05-13: Passed House; in Senate Rules when the Legislature adjourned). Votes: House 38-2. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, elections. Would have created liability for deceptive deepfakes and required disclosures for synthetic media in elections. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ak-2023-hb358 - Artificial Intelligence Governance Act of 2024 (SB 818). Maryland, Maryland General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-05-09: Approved by the governor (Chapter 496)). Effective 2024-07-01. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, government-ai. Requires state government units to inventory and assess their AI systems and directs the Department of Information Technology to adopt policies for state development, procurement and use of AI; cross-filed with HB 1271. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-md-2024-sb818 - Maryland Kids Code (HB 603). Maryland, Maryland General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-05-09: Approved by the governor (Chapter 461)). Effective 2024-10-01. Sponsors: D. Topics: online-safety, privacy, platforms. Requires online products reasonably likely to be accessed by children to complete data protection impact assessments, provide privacy protections and avoid certain data collection and sharing practices; cross-filed with SB 571. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-md-2024-hb603 - Maryland Online Data Privacy Act of 2024 (SB 541). Maryland, Maryland General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-05-09: Approved by the governor (Chapter 455)). Effective 2025-10-01. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Creates a comprehensive consumer data privacy law with strict data minimization rules, a ban on selling sensitive data and consumer rights to access, correct, delete and opt out; cross-filed with HB 567. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-md-2024-sb541 - Wrongful dissemination of digitizations (SB 2577). Mississippi, Mississippi Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-04-30: Approved by the governor (Chapter 467)). Effective 2024-07-01. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, elections, ai. Creates criminal penalties for the wrongful dissemination of digitizations, meaning digitally altered or AI-created depictions of real people, including in connection with elections. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ms-2024-sb2577 - Artificial Intelligence Use in Political Advertising (HB 919). Florida, Florida Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-04-29: Chapter No. 2024-126). Effective 2024-07-01. Votes: House 104-8, Senate 32-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, deepfakes, elections. Requires a disclaimer on political advertisements that use generative AI to depict a real person doing something they did not do, with criminal and civil penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-fl-2024-hb919 - Advanced Technology (Government Technology Modernization Council; generated child pornography) (SB 1680). Florida, Florida Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-04-29: Chapter No. 2024-118). Effective 2024-07-01. Votes: Senate 40-0, House 114-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, government-ai, deepfakes, online-safety. Creates the Government Technology Modernization Council to advise on AI and emerging technology and makes creating or possessing AI-generated child sexual abuse material a crime. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-fl-2024-sb1680 - Age verification for online adult material (SB 1959). Oklahoma, Oklahoma Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-04-26: Approved by Governor). Effective 2024-11-01. Votes: Senate 41-5, House 79-13. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Requires commercial websites that publish a substantial amount of material harmful to minors to verify that users are adults, with civil liability for violations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ok-2024-sb1959 - Age verification for websites with material harmful to minors (SB 394). Kansas, Kansas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-04-25: Became law without the governor's signature). Effective 2024-07-01. Votes: Senate 40-0, House 92-31. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Requires websites containing material harmful to minors to use age-verification technology before granting access. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ks-2023-sb394 - Creating a Private Image Without Consent (HB 161). Alabama, Alabama Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-04-24: Enacted as Act 2024-96). Effective 2024-10-01. Votes: House 100-0, Senate 29-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes. Makes it a crime to create or distribute an altered private image of a person, including a deepfake, without consent. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-al-2024-hb161 - Online Distribution of Material Harmful to Minors; Age Verification (HB 164). Alabama, Alabama Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-04-24: Enacted as Act 2024-97). Effective 2024-10-01. Votes: House 99-0, Senate 34-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Requires commercial websites with a substantial share of material harmful to minors to use age verification and display warnings. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-al-2024-hb164 - Child Sexual Abuse Material Offenses (HB 168). Alabama, Alabama Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-04-24: Enacted as Act 2024-98). Effective 2024-10-01. Votes: House 98-0, Senate 29-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, deepfakes. Revises child sexual abuse material offenses, including raising the age of a depicted child, and authorizes punitive damages for victims. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-al-2024-hb168 - Harassment by altered intimate images (HF 2240). Iowa, Iowa Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-04-19: Signed by the governor (Acts Chapter 1065)). Effective 2024-07-01. Votes: House 94-0, Senate 49-0, House 93-0. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety. Makes it harassment to disseminate a nude or sexual visual depiction that has been altered to falsely depict another person. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ia-2023-hf2240 - Minnesota Age-Appropriate Design Code Act (2023-2024) (HF 2257). Minnesota, Minnesota Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2024-04-18: Committee report, re-referred to Ways and Means; Died when the 2023-2024 biennium ended without final passage). Sponsors: D. Topics: online-safety, privacy. Would have required online businesses likely to be accessed by children to assess and mitigate risks to minors and set high-privacy defaults, with attorney general enforcement. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mn-2023-hf2257 - Data Privacy and Protection Act (LD 1977). Maine, Maine Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2024-04-17: Senate insisted on Ought Not to Pass report; placed in legislative files (dead)). Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Would have enacted a comprehensive data privacy law with data minimization rules for Maine. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-me-2023-ld1977 - Protect Privacy of Biological Data (neural data) (HB 24-1058). Colorado, Colorado General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-04-17: Signed by the governor). Effective 2024-08-07. Votes: House 61-1, Senate 34-0. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: privacy, biometrics. Adds biological and neural data to the sensitive data protected under the Colorado Privacy Act, the first state law to cover neural data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-co-2024-hb24-1058 - Sexual exploitation of a minor by altered visual depictions (SF 2243). Iowa, Iowa Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-04-10: Signed by the governor). Effective 2024-07-01. Votes: Senate 46-0, House 93-0. Topics: ai, deepfakes, online-safety. Makes it sexual exploitation of a minor to create, adapt or modify a visual depiction so an identifiable minor appears to engage in a prohibited sexual act, covering AI-altered images. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ia-2023-sf2243 - Kentucky Consumer Data Protection Act (HB 15). Kentucky, Kentucky General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-04-04: Signed by the governor (Acts Ch. 72)). Effective 2026-01-01. Votes: House 92-0, Senate 35-0, House concurrence 94-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, data. Creates a comprehensive consumer data privacy law giving consumers rights to access, correct, delete and obtain their data and to opt out of targeted advertising, sales and profiling, enforced by the Attorney General. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ky-2024-hb15 - Consumer health data privacy (SB 370). Nevada, Nevada Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-03-31: Took effect). Effective 2024-03-31. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Requires entities that collect consumer health data to maintain a privacy policy and bars collecting or sharing that data without affirmative consent, with limits on geofencing around health facilities. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nv-2023-sb370 - Computer-generated child sexual abuse material (HB 207). Kentucky, Kentucky General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-03-28: Signed by the governor (Acts Ch. 15)). Effective 2024-07-15. Votes: House 93-0, Senate 38-0, House concurrence 96-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, deepfakes, online-safety. Extends child sexual abuse material crimes to computer-generated images of minors, including AI-generated images, without requiring proof of the depicted minor's identity or age. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ky-2024-hb207 - Disclosure of AI in campaign communications (SB 1571). Oregon, Oregon Legislative Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-03-28: Chapter 62, 2024 Laws). Effective 2024-03-27. Votes: Senate 24-5 (concurrence), House 52-3. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, deepfakes, elections. Requires campaign communications that use synthetic media created with artificial intelligence to carry a disclosure, with civil penalties enforced through the Secretary of State. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-or-2024-sb1571 - Task Force on Artificial Intelligence (HB 4153). Oregon, Oregon Legislative Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-03-28: Chapter 44, 2024 Laws). Effective 2024-03-27. Votes: House 52-0, Senate 26-3. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, government-ai. Creates a legislative Task Force on Artificial Intelligence to recommend definitions of AI terms for use in Oregon law, with a report due December 1, 2024. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-or-2024-hb4153 - Ensuring Likeness, Voice, and Image Security (ELVIS) Act (HB 2091 / SB 2096). Tennessee, Tennessee General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-03-26: Signed by the governor (Public Chapter 588)). Effective 2024-07-01. Votes: House 93-0, Senate 30-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, ai, copyright. Adds voice to the personal rights protected under Tennessee's right of publicity law and expands protections against unauthorized commercial use of a person's name, voice, likeness or image, including AI-generated imitations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tn-2023-hb2091 - Crimes Against Children (visual representations of child sexual abuse) (H 465). Idaho, Idaho Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-03-26: Signed by Governor on March 25, 2024, Session Law Chapter 194). Effective 2024-07-01. Votes: House 69-0-1, Senate 35-0-0. Topics: ai, deepfakes, online-safety. Creates the crime of producing or possessing visual representations of child sexual abuse, including AI-generated images, and revises the Internet Crimes Against Children Unit. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-id-2024-h465 - Election Interference with a Deep Fake (HB 986). Georgia, Georgia General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2024-03-26: Tabled in Senate). Votes: House 148-22. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, elections. Would have made it a crime to publish materially deceptive deepfakes to influence an election. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ga-2023-hb986 - Freedom From AI-Rigged (FAIR) Elections Act (H 664). Idaho, Idaho Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-03-25: Signed by Governor, Session Law Chapter 172). Effective 2024-03-25. Votes: House 61-8-1, Senate 23-11-1. Topics: ai, deepfakes, elections. Lets candidates seek injunctions and damages over synthetic media in electioneering communications unless the content carries a disclosure. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-id-2024-h664 - Disclosure of AI-generated content in political ads (2023 Wisconsin Act 123) (AB 664). Wisconsin, Wisconsin Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-03-21: Published as 2023 Wisconsin Act 123). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, deepfakes, elections. Requires political advertisements that contain audio or video content generated by artificial intelligence to include a disclosure, with a penalty for violations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wi-2023-ab664 - Liability for Publishers and Distributors of Material Harmful to Minors on the Internet (H 498). Idaho, Idaho Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-03-21: Signed by Governor on March 20, 2024, Session Law Chapter 113). Effective 2024-07-01. Votes: House 67-0-3, Senate 33-0-2. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Requires commercial websites with a substantial share of material harmful to minors to verify users' ages and creates civil liability for failures. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-id-2024-h498 - Disclosing Explicit Synthetic Media (H 575). Idaho, Idaho Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-03-20: Signed by Governor on March 19, 2024, Session Law Chapter 105). Effective 2024-07-01. Votes: House 66-0-4, Senate 35-0-0. Topics: deepfakes. Makes it a crime to disclose explicit synthetic media of an identifiable person without consent when it causes harm. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-id-2024-h575 - Artificial intelligence task force (SB 5838). Washington, Washington State Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-03-18: Governor signed; Chapter 163, 2024 Laws). Effective 2024-03-18. Votes: Senate 30-19, House 68-28. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, government-ai. Creates an AI task force convened by the Attorney General to assess AI uses and risks and recommend guiding principles and legislation. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wa-2023-sb5838 - Rights of Oklahomans interacting with artificial intelligence (HB 3453). Oklahoma, Oklahoma Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2024-03-18: First reading in the Senate; died when the 2024 session adjourned). Votes: House 89-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, privacy. Would have set out rights for Oklahomans when interacting with AI, including disclosure and consent over use of their data and likeness. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ok-2024-hb3453 - Fabricated intimate or sexually explicit images (HB 1999). Washington, Washington State Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-03-14: Governor signed; Chapter 88, 2024 Laws). Effective 2024-06-06. Votes: House 95-0, Senate 49-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, ai. Extends child sexual abuse material crimes to digitally fabricated depictions of minors and creates civil remedies for disclosure of fabricated intimate images of adults. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wa-2023-hb1999 - Artificial Intelligence Policy Act (Artificial Intelligence Amendments) (SB 149). Utah, Utah Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-03-13: Signed by the governor). Votes: Senate 26-0, House 73-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, government-ai. Creates the Artificial Intelligence Policy Act, requiring disclosure of generative AI use in certain consumer interactions and creating the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy and an AI regulatory learning laboratory. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ut-2024-sb149 - Age verification for material harmful to minors (SB 17). Indiana, Indiana General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-03-13: Signed by the governor (Public Law 98-2024)). Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Requires adult-oriented websites that display material harmful to minors to use reasonable age verification, with private causes of action for parents and others. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-in-2024-sb17 - Artificial intelligence and cybersecurity (SB 150). Indiana, Indiana General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-03-13: Signed by the governor (Public Law 108-2024)). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, government-ai, cybersecurity. Creates an artificial intelligence task force to study state agency use of AI and sets technology resource and cybersecurity policy requirements for public entities. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-in-2024-sb150 - Information Technology Act Amendments (election deepfakes) (SB 131). Utah, Utah Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-03-13: Signed by the governor). Votes: Senate 24-0, House 66-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, elections, ai. Requires disclosures on political advertising and election communications that use synthetic media or AI, with penalties for violations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ut-2024-sb131 - Social Media Amendments (HB 464). Utah, Utah Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-03-13: Signed by the governor). Votes: House 68-3, Senate 24-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Creates a private right of action against social media companies for mental health harms to minors caused by excessive use of algorithmically curated platforms. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ut-2024-hb464 - Use of digitally altered media in elections (HB 1133). Indiana, Indiana General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-03-12: Signed by the governor (Public Law 81-2024)). Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, deepfakes, elections. Defines fabricated media, including altered or artificially generated audio and video of an individual, and regulates its use in election campaign communications. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-in-2024-hb1133 - AI and deceptive statements in elections (HF 2549). Iowa, Iowa Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2024-03-06: Passed House; no Senate action before the General Assembly ended). Votes: House 93-1. Topics: ai, deepfakes, elections. Would have regulated the use of artificial intelligence and deceptive statements in elections, with penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ia-2023-hf2549 - Election changes: disclaimers for AI-generated campaign ads (HB 182). New Mexico, New Mexico Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-03-05: Signed by the governor, Chapter 57). Votes: House 38-28, Senate 25-14. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, elections, ai. Adds disclaimer requirements to the Campaign Reporting Act for advertisements generated using artificial intelligence and creates a crime of distributing materially deceptive media. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nm-2024-hb182 - AI-generated products, simulated pornography and identity fraud (SB 217). Ohio, Ohio General Assembly. bill, Failed (last action 2024-02-28: Referred to Senate committee; died at end of session). Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, ai. Would have addressed AI-generated products, simulated child pornography and identity fraud using AI replicas. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-oh-2023-sb217 - Computer-generated child sexual abuse material (SB 79). South Dakota, South Dakota Legislature. law, In force (last action 2024-02-13: Signed by the Governor). Votes: Senate 32-0, House 64-1. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes, ai, online-safety. Revises South Dakota's child pornography law on possession, manufacture and distribution, including coverage of computer-generated images of minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-sd-2024-sb79 - Election deepfake disclosure (HB 2559). Kansas, Kansas Legislature. bill, Failed (last action 2024-02-12: Reported by House Committee on Elections; no floor vote). Topics: deepfakes, elections, ai. Would have required disclosure of AI-manipulated images or speech in campaign media and made false representations of candidates or state officials a crime. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ks-2023-hb2559 - Artificial Intelligence (EO 24-01). Washington, Governor of Washington. executive-order, In force (last action 2024-01-30: Signed by Governor Jay Inslee). Effective 2024-01-30. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, government-ai. Directs state agencies to develop guidance, procurement rules and risk assessments for the responsible use of generative AI in state government. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wa-2024-eo-24-01 - Safe Use of Artificial Intelligence in state government (Executive Order 30) (EO 30). Virginia, Governor of Virginia. executive-order, Adopted (last action 2024-01-18: Signed by Governor Youngkin). Effective 2024-01-18. Sponsors: R. Topics: government-ai, ai. Directs the Virginia Information Technologies Agency to set AI policy standards and an approval process for state agency AI use, creates an AI task force and sets guidelines for AI in education and law enforcement. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-va-2024-eo-30 (unverified) - Various Statutory Changes, including the Pornography Age Verification Enforcement (PAVE) Act (HB 8). North Carolina, North Carolina General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2024-01-01: PAVE Act provisions took effect). Effective 2024-01-01. Votes: House concurrence 102-8. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Omnibus education bill that includes the PAVE Act, requiring commercial websites that publish material harmful to minors to use reasonable age verification. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nc-2023-hb8 - Ban TikTok in Montana (SB 419). Montana, Montana Legislature. law, Enacted (last action 2023-11-30: Preliminary injunction issued by U.S. District Court; law blocked before taking effect). Votes: Senate 30-20, House 54-43. Sponsors: R. Topics: platforms, privacy. Prohibits TikTok from operating in Montana and bars app stores from offering it to Montana users, with daily penalties for violations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mt-2023-sb419 - Deceptive election deepfakes ban (Public Act 265 of 2023) (HB 5144). Michigan, Michigan Legislature. law, In force (last action 2023-11-30: Approved by the governor (Public Act 265 of 2023)). Effective 2024-02-13. Votes: House 60-50, Senate 20-16. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, deepfakes, elections. Prohibits distributing materially deceptive AI-generated media of candidates before an election without a disclosure and sets criminal penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mi-2023-hb5144 - Political advertising AI disclosure (Public Act 263 of 2023) (HB 5141). Michigan, Michigan Legislature. law, In force (last action 2023-11-30: Approved by the governor (Public Act 263 of 2023)). Effective 2024-02-13. Votes: House 59-51, Senate 20-16. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, deepfakes, elections. Requires paid political advertisements created or substantially altered with artificial intelligence to carry a disclosure statement. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mi-2023-hb5141 - Artificial intelligence definition in campaign finance act (Public Act 264 of 2023) (HB 5143). Michigan, Michigan Legislature. law, In force (last action 2023-11-30: Approved by the governor (Public Act 264 of 2023)). Effective 2024-02-13. Votes: House 63-47, Senate 20-16. Sponsors: R. Topics: ai, elections. Defines artificial intelligence in the Michigan Campaign Finance Act as part of the 2023 election deepfake package. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mi-2023-hb5143 - State Government Artificial Intelligence Advisory Council (EO 23-26). Oregon, Governor of Oregon. executive-order, In force (last action 2023-11-28: Signed by Governor Tina Kotek). Effective 2023-11-28. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, government-ai. Establishes a State Government AI Advisory Council chaired by the State Chief Information Officer to recommend an action plan and usage policies for AI in state government. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-or-2023-eo-23-26 - State Agency High-Risk Automated Decision Systems Inventory (AB 302). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2023-10-13: Signed by the governor; Chapter 800, Statutes of 2023). Effective 2024-01-01. Votes: Assembly 79-0, Senate 39-0, Assembly concurrence 80-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: government-ai, ai. Requires the California Department of Technology to inventory high-risk automated decision systems that state agencies use or propose to use. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-ab302 - Artificial Intelligence Task Force (EO 346). New Jersey, Governor of New Jersey. executive-order, In force (last action 2023-10-10: Signed by Governor Murphy, effective immediately). Effective 2023-10-10. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, government-ai. Establishes the New Jersey Artificial Intelligence Task Force to study emerging AI technologies and issue findings on their potential impacts and recommendations for government use. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nj-2023-eo-346 - Delaware Personal Data Privacy Act (HB 154). Delaware, Delaware General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2023-09-11: Signed by Governor). Effective 2025-01-01. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Creates a comprehensive consumer data privacy law giving Delaware residents rights over personal data and imposing duties on businesses that process it. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-de-2023-hb154 - Executive Order N-12-23 on Generative Artificial Intelligence (N-12-23). California, Governor of California. executive-order, In force (last action 2023-09-06: Signed by Governor Gavin Newsom). Effective 2023-09-06. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, government-ai. Directs state agencies to study the benefits and risks of generative AI, issue guidelines for its procurement, use and required training in state government, and set up sandboxes to pilot GenAI projects. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2023-eo-n-12-23 - Sexually explicit deepfake videos offense (SB 1361). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2023-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2023-09-01. Votes: Senate 31-0, House 143-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: deepfakes. Created a criminal offense for producing or distributing sexually explicit deepfake videos of a person without consent. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2023-sb1361 - Texas data broker law (SB 2105). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2023-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2023-09-01. Votes: Senate 29-2. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: data, privacy. Requires data brokers to register annually with the Secretary of State, post consumer notices and maintain a data security program, with civil penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2023-sb2105 - Digital asset service provider commingling (HB 1666). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2023-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2023-09-01. Votes: House 148-0, Senate 31-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: crypto. Bars digital asset service providers from commingling customer funds with company funds and requires them to make customer holdings information available to customers and auditors and to report annually, with administrative penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2023-hb1666 - Registration of crypto mining large loads (SB 1929). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2023-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2023-09-01. Votes: House 140-5, Senate concurred 30-1. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: crypto, datacenters. Requires virtual currency mining facilities in the ERCOT region with more than 75 megawatts of interruptible load to register with the Public Utility Commission as large flexible loads. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2023-sb1929 - Social Media Safety Act (SB 396). Arkansas, Arkansas General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2023-08-31: Permanently enjoined by U.S. District Court (W.D. Ark.) in NetChoice v. Griffin in March 2025). Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Requires large social media companies to verify users' ages through a third party and obtain parental consent for users under 18. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ar-2023-sb396 - Data broker registration (HB 2052). Oregon, Oregon Legislative Assembly. law, In force (last action 2023-08-04: Chapter 395, 2023 Laws). Effective 2023-07-27. Votes: House 49-9, Senate 23-1. Topics: privacy, data. Requires data brokers that collect, sell or license brokered personal data in Oregon to register annually with the Department of Consumer and Business Services. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-or-2023-hb2052 - Oregon Consumer Privacy Act (SB 619). Oregon, Oregon Legislative Assembly. law, In force (last action 2023-08-01: Chapter 369, 2023 Laws; most duties operative July 1, 2024). Effective 2024-07-01. Votes: Senate 23-2, House 54-0. Topics: privacy, data. Gives Oregon consumers rights to access, correct, delete and opt out of the sale, targeted advertising and profiling uses of their personal data, and sets duties for controllers and processors enforced by the Attorney General. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-or-2023-sb619 - Secure Online Child Interaction and Age Limitation Act (Act 456 of 2023) (SB 162). Louisiana, Louisiana Legislature. law, In force (last action 2023-06-28: Signed by the governor (Act 456)). Effective 2024-07-01. Votes: Senate 37-0, House 76-18. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms, privacy. Requires social media platforms to verify ages and obtain parental consent before minors under 16 can open accounts, and limits data collection and messaging for minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-la-2023-sb162 - An Act Concerning Online Privacy, Data and Safety Protections (SB 3). Connecticut, Connecticut General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2023-06-26: Signed by the governor (Public Act 23-56)). Effective 2023-07-01. Topics: privacy, online-safety, data. Adds consumer health data protections to the Connecticut Data Privacy Act and creates duties for online services that offer products or features to minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ct-2023-sb3 - Ban on TikTok and covered apps on government devices (SB 1893). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2023-06-14: Took effect). Effective 2023-06-14. Votes: Senate 31-0, House 144-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: cybersecurity, platforms. Prohibits the use of TikTok and other covered social media applications on devices owned or leased by governmental entities. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2023-sb1893 - Artificial Intelligence Advisory Council (HB 2060). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2023-06-13: Took effect). Effective 2023-06-13. Votes: House 137-10, Senate 30-1. Sponsors: R. Topics: government-ai, ai. Created a state Artificial Intelligence Advisory Council to study and monitor AI systems developed or used by state agencies. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2023-hb2060 - Texas Semiconductor Innovation Consortium (Texas CHIPS Act) (HB 5174). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2023-06-09: Took effect). Effective 2023-06-09. Votes: House 128-17, Senate 28-3, House concurred 136-9. Sponsors: R. Topics: chips. Establishes the Texas Semiconductor Innovation Consortium to support semiconductor research, manufacturing and workforce development in Texas. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2023-hb5174 - Florida Digital Bill of Rights (Technology Transparency) (SB 262). Florida, Florida Legislature. law, In force (last action 2023-06-07: Chapter No. 2023-201). Effective 2024-07-01. Votes: Senate 40-0, House 110-2 (final). Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, data, online-safety, platforms. Creates consumer data privacy rights for large controllers, limits government requests to social media platforms, and restricts how online platforms likely accessed by children use their data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-fl-2023-sb262 - An Act Concerning Artificial Intelligence, Automated Decision-Making and Personal Data Privacy (SB 1103). Connecticut, Connecticut General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2023-06-07: Signed by the governor (Public Act 23-16)). Effective 2023-07-01. Topics: government-ai, ai, privacy. Requires inventories and impact assessments of AI systems used by state agencies and sets policies for state government use of AI. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ct-2023-sb1103 - Tennessee Information Protection Act (HB 1181 / SB 73). Tennessee, Tennessee General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2023-05-24: Signed by the governor (Public Chapter 408)). Effective 2025-07-01. Votes: House 90-0, Senate 29-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, data. Creates a comprehensive consumer data privacy law giving Tennessee residents rights to access, correct, delete and opt out of the sale and targeted advertising use of their personal data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tn-2023-hb1181 - Revise internet laws related to material harmful to minors (SB 544). Montana, Montana Legislature. law, In force (last action 2023-05-19: Signed by the governor). Votes: Senate 47-3, House 84-13. Sponsors: D. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Requires commercial websites that publish a substantial amount of material harmful to minors to verify users' ages and creates civil liability for failing to do so. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-mt-2023-sb544 - Synthetic media in campaigns (SB 5152). Washington, Washington State Legislature. law, In force (last action 2023-05-09: Governor signed; Chapter 360, 2023 Laws). Effective 2023-07-23. Votes: Senate 32-14, House 67-30. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, elections, ai. Lets candidates sue over undisclosed synthetic media in electioneering communications that depict them, unless the media carries a disclosure that it was manipulated. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wa-2023-sb5152 - Consumer data protection (Indiana Consumer Data Protection Act) (SB 5). Indiana, Indiana General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2023-05-01: Signed by the governor (Public Law 94-2023)). Effective 2026-01-01. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, data. Creates a comprehensive consumer data privacy law giving Indiana consumers rights to confirm, correct, delete and obtain their personal data and to opt out of targeted advertising, sales and profiling. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-in-2023-sb5 - My Health My Data Act (HB 1155). Washington, Washington State Legislature. law, In force (last action 2023-04-27: Governor signed; Chapter 191, 2023 Laws). Effective 2023-07-23. Votes: House 57-40, Senate 27-21. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Requires consent before collecting or sharing consumer health data, bans selling it without signed authorization, restricts geofencing around health facilities and gives consumers a private right of action. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-wa-2023-hb1155 - Age verification for material harmful to minors (SB 2346). Mississippi, Mississippi Legislature. law, In force (last action 2023-04-18: Approved by the governor (Chapter 513)). Effective 2023-07-01. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Makes commercial entities that publish material harmful to minors on the internet liable if they do not use reasonable age verification. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ms-2023-sb2346 - Protection of Minors from Distribution of Harmful Material Act (SB 66). Arkansas, Arkansas General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2023-04-11: Became Act 612). Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Requires reasonable age verification by websites publishing material harmful to minors and creates liability for failing to do so. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ar-2023-sb66 - Iowa consumer data protection act (SF 262). Iowa, Iowa Legislature. law, In force (last action 2023-03-28: Signed by the governor (Acts Chapter 17)). Effective 2025-01-01. Votes: Senate 47-0, House 97-0. Topics: privacy, data. Creates a comprehensive consumer data privacy law giving consumers rights to access, delete and obtain their data and to opt out of the sale of personal data and targeted advertising, enforced by the Attorney General. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ia-2023-sf262 - Stop Discrimination by Algorithms Act of 2023 (B25-0114). District of Columbia, Council of the District of Columbia. bill, Failed (last action 2023-02-10: Notice of intent to act published; no committee action before Council Period 25 ended). Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, employment, data. Would have barred users of algorithmic decision-making from making eligibility determinations in a discriminatory manner and required notices to affected individuals. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-dc-2023-b25-0114 - California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 (CPRA) (Proposition 24). California, California voters (ballot initiative). law, In force (last action 2023-01-01: New privacy protections took effect). Effective 2023-01-01. Topics: privacy, data. Voter-approved initiative that amended and expanded the CCPA with new consumer privacy protections and created the California Privacy Protection Agency. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2020-prop24 - Age verification for material harmful to minors (Act 440 of 2022) (HB 142). Louisiana, Louisiana Legislature. law, In force (last action 2022-06-15: Signed by the governor (Act 440)). Effective 2023-01-01. Votes: House 96-1, Senate 34-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Makes commercial publishers and distributors of material harmful to minors liable if they do not use reasonable age verification on their websites. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-la-2022-hb142 - Use and oversight of AI in state government (Act 132 of 2022) (H.410). Vermont, Vermont General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2022-05-24: Signed by the Governor; Act 132 of 2022). Effective 2022-07-01. Topics: ai, government-ai. Requires an inventory of automated decision systems used by Vermont state government and creates an AI council to oversee state AI use and a code of ethics. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-vt-2021-h410 - Connecticut Data Privacy Act (An Act Concerning Personal Data Privacy and Online Monitoring) (SB 6). Connecticut, Connecticut General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2022-05-10: Signed by the governor (Public Act 22-15)). Effective 2023-07-01. Topics: privacy, data. Creates a comprehensive consumer data privacy law giving Connecticut residents rights to access, correct, delete and opt out of the sale, targeted advertising and profiling use of their personal data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ct-2022-sb6 - Utah Consumer Privacy Act (SB 227). Utah, Utah Legislature. law, In force (last action 2022-03-24: Signed by the governor). Effective 2023-12-31. Votes: Senate 28-0, House 71-0, Senate concurred 25-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: privacy, data. Enacts a comprehensive consumer privacy law giving Utah residents rights to access, delete and opt out of the sale and targeted advertising use of their personal data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ut-2022-sb227 - Colorado Privacy Act (Protect Personal Data Privacy) (SB 21-190). Colorado, Colorado General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2021-07-07: Signed by the governor). Effective 2023-07-01. Votes: Senate 35-0, House 57-7, Senate concurred 34-0. Sponsors: bipartisan. Topics: privacy, data. Creates a comprehensive consumer data privacy law giving Colorado residents rights to access, correct, delete and opt out of the sale and targeted advertising use of their personal data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-co-2021-sb21-190 - Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act (HB 2307 / SB 1392). Virginia, Virginia General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2021-03-02: Approved by the governor (Chapter 35)). Effective 2023-01-01. Votes: House 89-9, Senate 32-7, House concurred 85-8. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Creates a comprehensive consumer data privacy framework giving Virginia residents rights to access, correct, delete and opt out of the sale, targeted advertising and profiling use of their personal data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-va-2021s1-hb2307 - California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (CCPA) (AB 375). California, California Legislature. law, In force (last action 2020-01-01: Consumer rights took effect). Effective 2020-01-01. Votes: Assembly 77-0, Senate 36-0, Assembly concurrence 73-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: privacy, data. Creates the California Consumer Privacy Act, giving residents rights to know, delete and opt out of the sale of personal information that businesses collect about them. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-ca-2017-ab375 - Election deepfake video offense (SB 751). Texas, Texas Legislature. law, In force (last action 2019-09-01: Took effect). Effective 2019-09-01. Votes: Senate 31-0, House 144-0. Sponsors: R. Topics: elections, deepfakes. Makes it a crime to create and publish a deep fake video within 30 days of an election with intent to injure a candidate or influence the result. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-tx-2019-sb751 - Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act (HB 2557). Illinois, Illinois General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2019-08-09: Signed by the governor (Public Act 101-0260)). Effective 2020-01-01. Votes: House 101-3, Senate 58-0, House concurred 115-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, employment, privacy. Requires employers that use AI to analyze video job interviews to notify applicants, explain how the AI works, obtain consent and limit sharing of the videos. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-il-2019-hb2557 - Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA, 740 ILCS 14) (SB 2400). Illinois, Illinois General Assembly. law, In force (last action 2008-10-03: Signed by the governor (Public Act 95-994)). Effective 2008-10-03. Votes: Senate 58-0, House 113-0, Senate concurred 42-0. Sponsors: D. Topics: biometrics, privacy. Requires private entities to give notice and get written consent before collecting biometric identifiers, sets retention and destruction rules, and gives individuals a private right of action. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-il-2007-sb2400 - Age verification for access to pornographic material (SB 648). New Hampshire, New Hampshire General Court. bill, Failed. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would have required commercial entities to verify users' ages before allowing access to pornographic material. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nh-2025-sb648 (unverified) - Agentic AI regulatory review pilot (Executive Order 51) (EO 51). Virginia, Governor of Virginia. executive-order, Adopted. Sponsors: R. Topics: government-ai, ai. Launches a pilot using agentic AI to review state regulations and guidance for redundancies and conflicts with statute, and directs agencies to use AI in future periodic regulatory reviews. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-va-2025-eo-51 (unverified) - Harmful acts solicited through responsive generative communication (HB 143). New Hampshire, New Hampshire General Court. law, Enacted. Topics: ai, online-safety. Criminalizes and creates a private right of action for facilitating, encouraging or soliciting certain acts through responsive generative AI communication to a child. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nh-2025-hb143 (unverified) - Parental consent and age verification for digital application platforms (HB 1658). New Hampshire, New Hampshire General Court. bill, Failed. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Would have required app platforms to verify users' ages and obtain parental consent for minors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nh-2025-hb1658 (unverified) - Artificial Intelligence Chatbots Act (HB 635). Virginia, Virginia General Assembly. bill, Failed. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, online-safety. Would have barred operators from offering companion chatbots in Virginia unless the chatbots were incapable of specified harmful behaviors. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-va-2026-hb635 (unverified) - Artificial Intelligence Transparency Act (HB 28). New Mexico, New Mexico Legislature. bill, Failed. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai. Would have enacted the Artificial Intelligence Transparency Act. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nm-2026-hb28 - Chatbot Safety Act (HB 174). New Mexico, New Mexico Legislature. bill, Failed. Sponsors: D. Topics: ai, online-safety. Would have enacted the Chatbot Safety Act to regulate AI chatbots. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nm-2026-hb174 - Distribution of sensitive and deepfake images (HB 22). New Mexico, New Mexico Legislature. bill, Failed. Sponsors: D. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety. Would have addressed the distribution of sensitive images and deepfake images of people without consent. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nm-2026-hb22 - Use of AI to provide services requiring a professional license (SB 640). New Hampshire, New Hampshire General Court. bill, Failed. Topics: ai, employment. Would have regulated the use of artificial intelligence to provide services that require a professional license. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nh-2025-sb640 (unverified) - Use of information technology and AI systems by state agencies (SB 657). New Hampshire, New Hampshire General Court. bill, Failed. Topics: government-ai, ai. Would have revised rules on state agency use of information technology and artificial intelligence systems. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/us-nh-2025-sb657 (unverified) ## Europe - SMS designation of Google in general search and search advertising. United Kingdom, Competition and Markets Authority. ruling, Ruled (last action 2026-09-23: Further consultation on a user choice conduct requirement). Effective 2025-10-10. Topics: platforms, ai. CMA decision designating Google with strategic market status in general search and search advertising under the DMCC Act, followed by conduct requirements on publishers, fair ranking and data portability. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/gb-2025-cma-sms-google-search - Cybersecurity Act 2 (revision of the Cybersecurity Act) (COM(2026) 11). European Union, European Commission. proposal, Proposed (last action 2026-09-18: ITRE committee draft report published (PE792.222)). Topics: cybersecurity, telecom. Proposed regulation that would replace the 2019 Cybersecurity Act, strengthening ENISA, simplifying the EU cybersecurity certification framework, and adding measures to reduce ICT supply chain risks from high-risk third-country suppliers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2026-cybersecurity-act-2 - Cloud and AI Development Act (COM(2026) 502 (2026/0138(COD))). European Union, European Commission. proposal, Proposed (last action 2026-09-17: Referral to ITRE and IMCO joint committee announced in Parliament, 1st reading). Topics: ai, datacenters, government-ai. Proposed regulation to speed up permitting and deployment of data centres, aim to at least triple EU data centre capacity, and create an EU-wide four-level cloud and AI sovereignty framework with a public sector procurement mechanism. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2026-cloud-ai-development-act - Cyber Security and Resilience (Network and Information Systems) Bill (Bill 4035). United Kingdom, UK Parliament. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-09-16: Report stage, Lords). Topics: cybersecurity. A bill to Make provision, including provision amending the Network and Information Systems Regulations 2018, about the security and resilience of network and information systems used or relied on in connection with the carrying on of essential activities. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/gb-bill-4035 - Chips Act 2.0 (COM(2026) 504 (2026/0139(COD))). European Union, European Commission. proposal, Proposed (last action 2026-09-14: Referral to ITRE announced in Parliament, 1st reading). Topics: chips. Proposed regulation that would replace the 2023 Chips Act with a Chips for Europe Initiative 2.0, support for first-of-a-kind and strategic semiconductor projects, and stronger coordination to prevent supply dependencies. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2026-chips-act-2 - Data Act (Regulation (EU) 2023/2854). European Union, European Parliament and Council. law, In force (last action 2026-09-12: Product and service design obligations for data access (Article 3(1)) apply to products placed on the market after this date). Effective 2024-01-11. Topics: data, platforms. Sets rules on who can access and use data generated by connected products and related services, on business-to-government data sharing in exceptional need, and on switching between cloud and data processing services. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2023-data-act - Cyber Resilience Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/2847). European Union, European Parliament and Council. law, In force (last action 2026-09-11: Article 14 reporting obligations for actively exploited vulnerabilities and severe incidents apply). Effective 2024-12-10. Topics: cybersecurity. Sets mandatory cybersecurity requirements for hardware and software products with digital elements sold in the EU, including vulnerability handling and incident reporting duties for manufacturers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2024-cyber-resilience-act - Personal Data (Digital Twins) Bill (Bill 4295). United Kingdom, UK Parliament. bill, In committee (last action 2026-09-10: 2nd reading, Commons). Topics: privacy. A bill to make provision about the regulation of software or algorithms which use or hold personal data for the purpose of modelling the preferences or behaviours of a person; to make provision about the rights of individuals in respect of the holding and use of their personal data by such software https://legislations.fru.dev/items/gb-bill-4295 - Cyber Security and Resilience (Network and Information Systems) Bill. United Kingdom, UK Parliament. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-09-07: Lords committee stage sitting). Topics: cybersecurity, datacenters. Amends the Network and Information Systems Regulations 2018 to bring managed service providers, data centres and large load controllers into scope, strengthen incident reporting, and expand regulators' enforcement powers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/gb-2025-cyber-security-resilience-bill - Law protecting minors from the risks of social networks (Loi n. 2026-813 du 24 aout 2026). France, French Parliament. law, In force (last action 2026-08-25: Published in the Journal officiel (JORF n. 0197)). Topics: online-safety, platforms. French law on protecting minors from social network risks whose central ban on social media access for under-15s was struck down by the Constitutional Council, leaving provisions amending the Penal Code and the 2004 digital economy law and requiring schools to address screen exposure and restrict mobile phones. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/fr-2026-minors-social-networks-law - Constitutional Council decision on the under-15 social media ban (Decision n. 2026-911 DC). France, Conseil constitutionnel. ruling, Ruled (last action 2026-08-14: Decision declares Article 1 unconstitutional (partial non-conformity)). Effective 2026-08-14. Topics: online-safety, platforms, privacy. Constitutional Council decision striking down the law's blanket ban on social network access for under-15s as a disproportionate restriction on freedom of expression and communication, citing the lack of any parental authorization, service-specific risk assessment or legal safeguards for age verification data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/fr-2026-conseil-constitutionnel-2026-911-dc - SMS designations of Apple and Google mobile platforms. United Kingdom, Competition and Markets Authority. ruling, Ruled (last action 2026-08-14: Responses to the steering consultation published). Effective 2025-10-22. Topics: platforms. CMA decisions designating Apple and Google with strategic market status in their mobile platforms under the DMCC Act, followed by commitments on app review and ranking and a proposed steering conduct requirement. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/gb-2025-cma-sms-mobile-platforms - AI Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689). European Union, European Parliament and Council. law, In force (last action 2026-08-02: Most remaining rules apply, including Article 50 transparency rules, and enforcement starts at national and EU level). Effective 2024-08-01. Votes: Parliament 523-46-49 (final, 2024-03-13); Parliament 499-28-93 (negotiating position, 2023-06-14). Topics: ai, government-ai, biometrics, deepfakes, copyright, employment. Sets EU-wide risk-based rules for AI systems, banning certain practices, imposing requirements on high-risk systems, transparency duties for some AI, and obligations for general-purpose AI model providers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2024-ai-act - Guidelines on transparency obligations for providers and deployers of certain AI systems. European Union, European Commission. strategy, Adopted (last action 2026-08-02: Article 50 transparency obligations apply). Topics: ai, deepfakes. Commission guidelines on Article 50 of the AI Act clarifying who must disclose AI interactions, mark AI-generated content in machine-readable form, and label deepfakes and certain AI-generated text. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2026-ai-act-transparency-guidelines - Interim ePrivacy derogation to combat online child sexual abuse (2026 re-adoption) (Regulation (EU) 2026/1881). European Union, European Parliament and Council. law, In force (last action 2026-07-31: Enters into force). Effective 2026-07-31. Topics: online-safety, privacy. Restores, until 3 April 2028, a temporary derogation from the ePrivacy Directive that lets messaging and other communications providers voluntarily detect, report and remove online child sexual abuse material, after the earlier interim regulation expired on 3 April 2026. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2026-csam-interim-derogation - EuroHPC AI Gigafactories amendment (Council Regulation (EU) 2026/150). European Union, Council of the EU. law, In force (last action 2026-07-30: EU launches call to establish up to seven AI Gigafactories). Effective 2026-01-20. Votes: Parliament 604-37-18 (consultation opinion). Topics: ai, datacenters, chips. Amends the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking regulation to provide a legal basis for AI Gigafactories of more than 100,000 advanced AI processors and to expand quantum computing activities. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2026-eurohpc-ai-gigafactories - Digital Omnibus (data, GDPR, ePrivacy, NIS2 simplification) (COM(2025) 837). European Union, European Commission. proposal, Proposed (last action 2026-07-27: Amendments tabled in committee). Topics: data, privacy, cybersecurity, platforms. Proposed regulation that amends the GDPR, the ePrivacy Directive, NIS2 and the Data Act to simplify EU rules on cookie consent, incident reporting and data sharing, and folds several data laws, including the Data Governance Act, into the Data Act. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2025-digital-omnibus - Digital Omnibus on AI (Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (COM(2025) 836, 2025/0359(COD))). European Union, European Parliament and Council. law, In force (last action 2026-07-27: Enters into force). Effective 2026-07-27. Votes: Parliament 423-57-174 (final, 2026-06-16); Parliament 569-45-23 (position, 2026-03-26). Topics: ai, deepfakes, biometrics, employment. Amends the AI Act to delay high-risk obligations to 2 December 2027 and 2 August 2028, extend SME relief to small mid-caps, simplify AI literacy and registration duties, widen AI Office oversight, and ban AI nudification and CSAM generation. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2026-digital-omnibus-ai - Digital Markets Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/1925). European Union, European Parliament and Council. law, In force (last action 2026-07-23: Commission fines Google 890 million euros for DMA breaches). Effective 2022-11-01. Topics: platforms, data. Sets obligations and prohibitions for large online platforms designated as gatekeepers, such as bans on self-preferencing and anti-steering, and requirements on interoperability and data use. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2022-digital-markets-act - DMA non-compliance decision against Google. European Union, European Commission. ruling, Ruled (last action 2026-07-23: Commission fines Google 890 million euros). Effective 2026-07-23. Topics: platforms. Commission decision fining Google 890 million euros under the Digital Markets Act: 460 million for self-preferencing its own services in Google Search and 430 million for anti-steering restrictions on Google Play. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2026-dma-google-decision - Draft guidelines on the classification of high-risk AI systems. European Union, European Commission. proposal, Proposed (last action 2026-07-23: Public consultation on the draft guidelines closes). Topics: ai, employment, biometrics. Draft Commission guidelines under Article 6(5) of the AI Act with practical examples of AI systems that should or should not be classified as high-risk, published for consultation before formal adoption. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2026-high-risk-classification-guidelines - Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065). European Union, European Parliament and Council. law, In force (last action 2026-07-20: Commission fines AliExpress 550 million euros). Effective 2022-11-16. Topics: platforms, online-safety. Sets due diligence obligations for online intermediaries and platforms on illegal content, transparency, advertising and protection of minors, with extra systemic risk duties for very large online platforms and search engines supervised by the Commission. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2022-digital-services-act - DSA non-compliance decision against X (C(2025) 8630 final). European Union, European Commission. ruling, Ruled (last action 2026-07-15: Commission accepts X's action plan). Effective 2025-12-05. Topics: platforms, online-safety. First Digital Services Act non-compliance decision, fining X 120 million euros for deceptive design of its blue checkmark (Article 25(1)), a deficient advertising repository (Article 39) and failing to give researchers access to public data (Article 40(12)). https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2025-dsa-x-decision - Code of Practice on Transparency of AI-generated Content. European Union, European Commission (AI Office). strategy, Adopted (last action 2026-07-09: AI Board adopts its adequacy assessment; Commission opinion published). Topics: ai, deepfakes. Voluntary code that helps providers of generative AI systems mark and detect AI-generated content and helps deployers label deepfakes and certain AI-generated text, to meet Article 50(2), (4) and (5) of the AI Act. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2026-ai-generated-content-code-of-practice - NIS2 Directive (Directive (EU) 2022/2555). European Union, European Parliament and Council. law, In force (last action 2026-07-08: Commission refers Ireland, Spain, France and the Netherlands to the Court of Justice for failing to transpose NIS2). Effective 2023-01-16. Topics: cybersecurity. Sets cybersecurity risk management and incident reporting obligations for medium and large entities in critical sectors and requires member states to supervise and enforce them. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2022-nis2-directive - Action Plan on Cybersecurity and Artificial Intelligence (COM(2026) 577). European Union, European Commission. strategy, Adopted (last action 2026-07-07: Commission presents the Action Plan (COM(2026) 577)). Topics: ai, cybersecurity. Commission action plan to promote safe use of advanced AI, including pre-market evaluation capacity for AI models under the AI Act, strengthen EU cyber resilience, and scale up AI capabilities for cybersecurity. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2026-cybersecurity-ai-action-plan - Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) (Regulation (EU) 2023/1114). European Union, European Parliament and Council. law, In force (last action 2026-07-01: Transitional period ends for crypto-asset service providers operating under national law before 30 December 2024). Effective 2023-06-29. Topics: crypto. Sets EU-wide rules for issuing and offering crypto-assets, including asset-referenced tokens and e-money tokens, and for authorising and supervising crypto-asset service providers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2023-mica - Regulation to prevent and combat child sexual abuse online (CSA Regulation) (COM(2022) 209). European Union, European Commission. proposal, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-06-29: Latest trilogue meeting held, with no agreement reached). Topics: online-safety, privacy, platforms. Proposed regulation that would set obligations for online service providers to assess and reduce the risk of child sexual abuse on their services, allow detection orders, and create an EU Centre on child sexual abuse. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2022-csam-regulation - Crime and Policing Act 2026 (2026 c. 20). United Kingdom, UK Parliament. law, In force (last action 2026-06-29: Section 99 purported intimate image generator offences in force (SI 2026/689)). Effective 2026-04-29. Topics: ai, deepfakes, online-safety. Broad criminal justice Act that among other things creates offences for making, possessing or supplying AI tools designed to generate child sexual abuse images, possessing guidance on creating such images, and making or supplying purported intimate image (nudification) generators. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/gb-2026-crime-and-policing-act - Organic Law on the protection of minors in digital environments (121/000052). Spain, Congreso de los Diputados. bill, In committee (last action 2026-06-24: Ponencia accepts compromise and oral amendments). Votes: Totality amendment rejected 33-178-137 (2025-09-10). Topics: online-safety, privacy, platforms. Government organic law bill to protect minors in digital environments, processed by urgent procedure in the Justice Committee of the Congress of Deputies. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/es-2025-minors-digital-environments-bill - Digital Networks Act (COM(2026) 16). European Union, European Commission. proposal, Proposed (last action 2026-06-18: European Economic and Social Committee adopts its opinion). Topics: telecom. Proposed regulation that would merge the European Electronic Communications Code, the BEREC Regulation and the radio spectrum programme into one telecoms law, with a single passport for operators, longer spectrum licences and national plans to phase out copper networks. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2026-digital-networks-act - Organic Law on the good use and governance of artificial intelligence (121/000096). Spain, Congreso de los Diputados. bill, In committee (last action 2026-06-12: Bill published in BOCG; amendment period opens). Topics: ai, deepfakes. Government bill on the ethical use and governance of AI that requires deepfakes and AI-generated content to be clearly labelled and makes the Spanish AI Supervision Agency (AESIA) the default supervisory authority. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/es-2026-ai-governance-law - European Chips Act (Regulation (EU) 2023/1781). European Union, European Parliament and Council. law, In force (last action 2026-06-03: Commission proposes Chips Act 2.0, which would repeal this regulation). Effective 2023-09-21. Votes: Parliament 587-10-38. Topics: chips. Establishes a framework to strengthen the EU semiconductor ecosystem through the Chips for Europe Initiative, support for first-of-a-kind production facilities, and a supply crisis monitoring and response mechanism. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2023-chips-act - European Tech Sovereignty communication and EU Open Source Strategy (COM(2026) 503). European Union, European Commission. strategy, Adopted (last action 2026-06-03: Commission publishes the communication (COM(2026) 503) with the Chips Act 2.0 and CADA proposals). Topics: ai, chips, datacenters. Commission communication presenting the European Technological Sovereignty Package, linking the Chips Act 2.0, the Cloud and AI Development Act, an EU Open Source Strategy and a roadmap for digitalisation and AI in energy. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2026-tech-sovereignty-package - DSA non-compliance decision against Temu. European Union, European Commission. ruling, Ruled (last action 2026-05-28: Commission fines Temu 200 million euros for breaching the DSA risk assessment obligations). Effective 2026-05-28. Topics: platforms, online-safety. Commission decision fining Temu 200 million euros under the Digital Services Act for failing to properly identify and assess the systemic risks of illegal products offered on its marketplace. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2026-dsa-temu-decision - Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law (CETS No. 225). Council of Europe, Council of Europe Committee of Ministers. treaty, Adopted (last action 2026-05-13: Decision (EU) 2026/1080 and the Convention text published in the Official Journal; EUR-Lex lists the Convention as not yet in force). Topics: ai, privacy, government-ai. Council of Europe treaty requiring parties to ensure that activities across the life cycle of AI systems are consistent with human rights, democracy and the rule of law, entering into force after five ratifications including three Council of Europe member states. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/coe-2024-framework-convention-ai (unverified) - Council Decision on concluding the Council of Europe AI Convention (Council Decision (EU) 2026/1080). European Union, Council of the European Union. law, Enacted (last action 2026-05-13: Decision (EU) 2026/1080 and the Convention text published in the Official Journal (OJ L 2026/1081)). Topics: ai, government-ai. Council decision concluding, on behalf of the European Union, the Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, following the Commission proposal COM(2025) 265 and the consent of the European Parliament. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2026-council-decision-conclusion-ai-convention - Danish law on supplementary provisions to the AI Act (Lov nr. 467 af 14. maj 2025 (L 154, 2024-25)). Denmark, Folketing. law, Enacted (last action 2026-03-24: Session ends; L 111 lapses (bortfaldet)). Votes: Folketing 109-0 (2025-05-08). Topics: ai. Danish law laying down supplementary national provisions to the EU AI Act; a replacement AI Act bill (L 111, 2025-26) giving market surveillance authorities inspection and fining powers lapsed when the parliamentary session ended. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/dk-2025-ai-act-supplementary-law - Report and impact assessment on copyright and artificial intelligence. United Kingdom, Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, Department for Culture, Media and Sport and Intellectual Property Office. strategy, Adopted (last action 2026-03-18: Report and impact assessment published under sections 135 and 136 of the Data (Use and Access) Act). Topics: copyright, ai. Statutory report under sections 135 and 136 of the Data (Use and Access) Act responding to the 2024 to 2025 consultation, stating that a broad text and data mining exception with opt-out is no longer the government's preferred approach and committing to further evidence gathering and work on input transparency. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/gb-2026-copyright-ai-report - Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (2025 c. 18). United Kingdom, UK Parliament. law, In force (last action 2026-02-06: Section 138 offences on creating or requesting purported intimate images of adults without consent in force). Effective 2025-08-20. Topics: data, privacy, deepfakes, copyright, ai. Reforms UK data protection law, creates frameworks for digital verification services and smart data, restructures the Information Commissioner's Office, adds an offence of creating or requesting intimate images of adults without consent, and requires government reports on copyright and AI. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/gb-2025-data-use-and-access-act - DAC8 (crypto-asset tax reporting) (Council Directive (EU) 2023/2226). European Union, Council of the European Union. law, In force (last action 2026-01-01: Transposed rules apply). Effective 2023-11-13. Topics: crypto, data. Amends the Directive on administrative cooperation in taxation to require crypto-asset service providers to report their users' crypto-asset transactions to tax authorities, with automatic exchange of that information between member states. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2023-dac8 - GDPR Procedural Regulation (cross-border enforcement) (Regulation (EU) 2025/2518). European Union, European Parliament and Council. law, In force (last action 2026-01-01: Enters into force). Effective 2026-01-01. Topics: privacy, data. Adds harmonised procedural rules for how national data protection authorities cooperate and handle complaints in cross-border GDPR cases. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2025-gdpr-procedural-regulation - Danish Data Sharing Act (datadelingsloven) (Lov nr. 1618 af 16. december 2025 (L 16, 2025-26)). Denmark, Folketing. law, Enacted (last action 2025-12-16: Law no. 1618 issued). Votes: Folketing 87-13-0 (2025-12-11). Topics: data. Danish law supplementing the EU Data Act by designating the Agency for Digital Government as competent authority, giving it powers to request information and issue orders, and allowing fines for violations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/dk-2025-data-act-supplementary-law - Data Governance Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/868). European Union, European Parliament and Council. law, In force (last action 2025-11-19: Commission proposes, in the Digital Omnibus COM(2025) 837, to repeal the regulation and move its rules into the Data Act). Effective 2022-06-23. Topics: data. Creates a framework for reusing certain protected public sector data, regulates data intermediation services, and sets rules for data altruism organisations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2022-data-governance-act - Gigabit Infrastructure Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1309). European Union, European Parliament and Council. law, In force (last action 2025-11-12: Main provisions apply). Effective 2024-05-11. Topics: telecom. Replaces the Broadband Cost Reduction Directive with rules to cut the cost and speed up the rollout of gigabit networks, covering permits, access to physical infrastructure and fibre-ready buildings. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2024-gigabit-infrastructure-act - DSA Delegated Act on Data Access for Vetted Researchers (Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/2050). European Union, European Commission. law, In force (last action 2025-10-29: Enters into force (twentieth day after publication, Article 16)). Effective 2025-10-29. Topics: platforms, data, online-safety. Sets the technical conditions and procedures under which very large online platforms and search engines must share data with vetted researchers under Article 40 of the Digital Services Act. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2025-dsa-data-access-delegated-act - Italian AI Law (Law No. 132 of 2025) (Legge 23 settembre 2025, n. 132). Italy, Italian Parliament. law, In force (last action 2025-10-10: Law enters into force). Effective 2025-10-10. Topics: ai. Italy's national framework law on artificial intelligence, setting human-centred principles for the research, development and use of AI systems and delegating the government to adopt implementing legislative decrees. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/it-2025-law-132-artificial-intelligence - Regulation on transparency and targeting of political advertising (Regulation (EU) 2024/900). European Union, European Parliament and Council. law, In force (last action 2025-10-10: Regulation applies in full). Effective 2024-04-09. Topics: elections, privacy, platforms. Requires political advertisements to be labelled with sponsor and funding information, creates an EU repository of online political ads, and restricts targeting and ad delivery techniques that use personal data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2024-political-advertising-regulation - DSA Guidelines on the Protection of Minors Online (OJ C/2025/5519). European Union, European Commission. strategy, Adopted (last action 2025-10-10: Guidelines published in the Official Journal C series (C/2025/5519)). Topics: online-safety, platforms, privacy. Commission guidelines under Article 28 of the Digital Services Act setting out measures online platforms accessible to minors should take to ensure a high level of privacy, safety and security, including age assurance methods and protections against grooming, harmful content and exploitative commercial practices. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2025-dsa-protection-of-minors-guidelines - Apply AI Strategy (COM(2025) 723). European Union, European Commission. strategy, Adopted (last action 2025-10-08: Commission adopts the Apply AI Strategy (COM(2025) 723)). Topics: ai, government-ai. Commission communication to speed up AI adoption in industry and the public sector through sectoral flagships, SME support, an Apply AI Alliance and an AI Observatory. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2025-apply-ai-strategy - AI Liability Directive (COM(2022) 496). European Union, European Commission. proposal, Withdrawn (last action 2025-10-06: Proposal withdrawn by the Commission). Topics: ai. Proposed directive adapting non-contractual civil liability rules to AI, including disclosure of evidence and a rebuttable presumption of causality, which the Commission withdrew. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2022-ai-liability-directive - EDPS v SRB (pseudonymised data) (C-413/23 P (ECLI:EU:C:2025:645)). European Union, Court of Justice of the European Union. ruling, Ruled (last action 2025-09-04: Court of Justice (First Chamber) sets aside the General Court judgment and refers the case back). Effective 2025-09-04. Topics: privacy, data. Court of Justice judgment holding that pseudonymised data are not in all cases and for every person personal data, since pseudonymisation may prevent recipients other than the controller from identifying the data subject, and setting aside the General Court's ruling in T-557/20. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2025-cjeu-edps-v-srb - European Media Freedom Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1083). European Union, European Parliament and Council. law, In force (last action 2025-08-08: Regulation applies in general). Effective 2024-05-07. Topics: platforms, elections. Sets common rules to protect media pluralism and editorial independence, including safeguards against spyware use on journalists, transparency of media ownership and state advertising, and treatment of media content by very large online platforms. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2024-european-media-freedom-act - General-Purpose AI Code of Practice. European Union, European Commission (AI Office). strategy, Adopted (last action 2025-08-01: Commission opinion and AI Board adequacy assessment confirm the code is an adequate voluntary tool to demonstrate compliance). Topics: ai, copyright. Voluntary code drawn up by independent experts that gives general-purpose AI model providers a way to show compliance with AI Act transparency, copyright and safety and security obligations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2025-gpai-code-of-practice - Online Safety Act 2023 (2023 c. 50). United Kingdom, UK Parliament. law, In force (last action 2025-07-25: Children's safety duties take effect, including highly effective age assurance). Topics: online-safety, platforms, deepfakes. Imposes duties on user-to-user and search services to tackle illegal content and protect children, enforced by Ofcom through codes of practice, age assurance requirements and penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/gb-2023-online-safety-act - Template for the public summary of training content of general-purpose AI models. European Union, European Commission (AI Office). strategy, Adopted (last action 2025-07-24: Commission publishes the explanatory notice and template). Topics: ai, copyright, data. Explanatory notice and mandatory template that general-purpose AI model providers use to publish a summary of the data used to train their models, including main datasets and top domain names, under Article 53 of the AI Act. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2025-gpai-training-data-template - Guidelines on the scope of obligations for providers of general-purpose AI models. European Union, European Commission. strategy, Adopted (last action 2025-07-18: Commission publishes the guidelines and the Communication approving their content). Topics: ai. Commission guidelines clarifying which actors count as providers of general-purpose AI models and the scope of their obligations under the AI Act. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2025-gpai-guidelines - Revised Federal Act on Data Protection (FADP) (SR 235.1). Switzerland, Federal Assembly. law, In force (last action 2025-07-07: Last amended). Effective 2023-09-01. Topics: privacy, data. Totally revised Swiss data protection act governing processing of personal data by private persons and federal bodies, aligned more closely with European standards. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/ch-2020-revised-fadp - DMA non-compliance decisions against Apple and Meta. European Union, European Commission. ruling, Ruled (last action 2025-04-23: Commission fines Apple 500 million euros and Meta 200 million euros). Effective 2025-04-23. Topics: platforms, privacy. First Digital Markets Act non-compliance decisions, fining Apple 500 million euros for breaching the anti-steering obligation on its App Store and Meta 200 million euros for its pay or consent model. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2025-dma-apple-meta-decisions - AI Continent Action Plan (COM(2025) 165). European Union, European Commission. strategy, Adopted (last action 2025-04-09: Commission publishes the AI Continent Action Plan (COM(2025) 165)). Topics: ai, datacenters, government-ai. Commission communication setting out actions to make the EU a leading AI continent, covering computing infrastructure such as AI factories and gigafactories, data, skills, AI uptake and simpler implementation of the AI Act. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2025-ai-continent-action-plan - AI Act scientific panel implementing regulation (Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/454). European Union, European Commission. law, In force (last action 2025-03-30: Enters into force). Effective 2025-03-30. Topics: ai. Sets the rules for establishing and operating the AI Act scientific panel of independent experts that advises the AI Office, including on systemic risks from general-purpose AI models. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2025-ai-scientific-panel-regulation - European Health Data Space Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2025/327). European Union, European Parliament and Council. law, In force (last action 2025-03-25: Enters into force (EUR-Lex date; the Commission page gives 26 March 2025)). Effective 2025-03-25. Topics: data, privacy. Gives people control over and cross-border access to their electronic health data and sets a framework for the secondary use of health data for research, innovation and policy making. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2025-european-health-data-space - Cybersecurity Law (Siber Guvenlik Kanunu) (Law No. 7545). Turkey, Grand National Assembly of Turkey. law, In force (last action 2025-03-19: Published in the Official Gazette No. 32846 and entered into force). Effective 2025-03-19. Topics: cybersecurity. Establishes the Cybersecurity Directorate as the national authority for protecting cyberspace and critical infrastructure, with powers over audits, incident response, security standards and certification of cybersecurity products and professionals. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/tr-2025-cybersecurity-law-7545 - Artificial Intelligence (Regulation) Bill [HL]. United Kingdom, House of Lords. bill, Failed (last action 2025-03-04: Reintroduced in the House of Lords (first reading)). Topics: ai. Private member's bill by Lord Holmes of Richmond that would create an AI Authority and set principles for the regulation of artificial intelligence. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/gb-2025-ai-regulation-bill-hl - Online Safety Act 2023 (Category 1, Category 2A and Category 2B Threshold Conditions) Regulations 2025 (SI 2025/226). United Kingdom, Department for Science, Innovation and Technology. law, In force (last action 2025-02-27: Regulations come into force). Effective 2025-02-27. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Sets the user number and functionality thresholds that determine which online services are categorised under the Online Safety Act and face additional duties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/gb-2025-osa-categorisation-thresholds - Federal Council approach to AI regulation. Switzerland, Swiss Federal Council. strategy, Adopted (last action 2025-02-12: Federal Council announces it will ratify the Council of Europe AI Convention and make the necessary amendments to Swiss law). Topics: ai. Federal Council decision that Switzerland will ratify the Council of Europe AI Convention, amend Swiss law accordingly, and continue sector-specific AI regulation in areas such as health and transport. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/ch-2025-federal-council-ai-regulation-approach - Guidelines on the definition of an AI system. European Union, European Commission. strategy, Adopted (last action 2025-02-06: Commission publishes the guidelines on the AI system definition). Topics: ai. Non-binding Commission guidelines explaining how to determine whether a software system is an AI system within the scope of the AI Act. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2025-ai-system-definition-guidelines - Cyber Solidarity Act (Regulation (EU) 2025/38). European Union, European Parliament and Council. law, In force (last action 2025-02-04: Enters into force). Effective 2025-02-04. Topics: cybersecurity. Sets up a European Cybersecurity Alert System of cross-border Cyber Hubs, a Cybersecurity Emergency Mechanism with an EU Cybersecurity Reserve, and a review mechanism for significant incidents. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2025-cyber-solidarity-act - Guidelines on prohibited AI practices. European Union, European Commission. strategy, Adopted (last action 2025-02-04: Commission publishes the guidelines on prohibited AI practices). Topics: ai, biometrics, government-ai. Non-binding Commission guidelines with legal explanations and practical examples of the AI practices banned under Article 5 of the AI Act, such as harmful manipulation, social scoring and real-time remote biometric identification. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2025-ai-act-prohibited-practices-guidelines - AI Opportunities Action Plan. United Kingdom, Department for Science, Innovation and Technology. strategy, Adopted (last action 2025-01-13: AI Opportunities Action Plan published with a government response). Topics: ai, government-ai, datacenters. Independent report led by Matt Clifford, adopted by the government, setting out 50 recommendations to expand AI infrastructure, drive AI adoption across the economy and improve public services. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/gb-2025-ai-opportunities-action-plan - Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024 (2024 c. 13). United Kingdom, UK Parliament. law, In force (last action 2025-01-01: Part 1 digital markets regime in force (SI 2024/1226)). Effective 2025-01-01. Topics: platforms. Gives the Competition and Markets Authority powers to designate firms with strategic market status in digital activities and impose conduct requirements, and reforms competition and consumer protection law. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/gb-2024-dmcc-act - Product Liability Directive (Directive (EU) 2024/2853). European Union, European Parliament and Council. law, In force (last action 2024-12-08: Enters into force). Effective 2024-12-08. Topics: ai, cybersecurity. Replaces the 1985 product liability rules and extends no-fault liability for defective products to software, including AI systems, digital manufacturing files and related digital services. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2024-product-liability-directive - Platform Work Directive (Directive (EU) 2024/2831). European Union, European Parliament and Council. law, In force (last action 2024-12-01: Enters into force). Effective 2024-12-01. Topics: employment, ai, data, platforms. Creates a legal presumption of employment for people working through digital labour platforms and sets the first EU rules on algorithmic management, including human oversight of automated decisions and limits on processing workers' personal data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2024-platform-work-directive - NIS2 Implementing Regulation on technical requirements and significant incidents (Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690). European Union, European Commission. law, In force (last action 2024-11-07: Enters into force, repealing Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/151). Effective 2024-11-07. Topics: cybersecurity, datacenters. Sets the technical and methodological cybersecurity risk management requirements under NIS2 for digital infrastructure and digital service providers, such as cloud, data centre and managed security providers, and defines when their incidents count as significant. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2024-nis2-implementing-regulation - Council Decision on signing the Council of Europe AI Convention (Council Decision (EU) 2024/2218). European Union, Council of the European Union. law, In force (last action 2024-09-05: Commission signs the Convention on behalf of the EU in Vilnius). Effective 2024-08-28. Topics: ai, government-ai. Council decision authorising the signing, on behalf of the European Union, of the Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2024-council-decision-signing-ai-convention - EuroHPC AI Factories amendment (Council Regulation (EU) 2024/1732). European Union, Council of the EU. law, In force (last action 2024-07-09: Enters into force). Effective 2024-07-09. Votes: Parliament 525-32-21 (consultation opinion). Topics: ai, datacenters. Amends the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking regulation to add an AI Factories pillar giving start-ups and innovators access to AI-optimised supercomputers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2024-eurohpc-ai-factories - SREN Law (securing and regulating the digital space) (Loi n. 2024-449 du 21 mai 2024). France, French Parliament. law, In force (last action 2024-05-22: Published in the Journal officiel (JORF n. 0117)). Topics: online-safety, platforms, deepfakes. French law to secure and regulate the digital space that strengthens Arcom's powers to enforce age verification on pornographic sites, with penalties up to 4 percent of worldwide revenue, and creates an offence of sharing non-consensual algorithmically generated sexual content. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/fr-2024-sren-law - European Digital Identity Framework (eIDAS 2) (Regulation (EU) 2024/1183). European Union, European Parliament and Council. law, In force (last action 2024-05-20: Enters into force). Effective 2024-05-20. Topics: data, privacy. Amends the eIDAS Regulation to require every member state to offer citizens and businesses a European Digital Identity Wallet, due by the end of 2026, for identification and sharing of electronic attestations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2024-european-digital-identity - Product Security and Telecommunications Infrastructure Act 2022 (2022 c. 46). United Kingdom, UK Parliament. law, In force (last action 2024-04-29: Product security regime and the 2023 Regulations come into force). Effective 2024-04-29. Topics: cybersecurity, telecom. Sets security requirements for consumer connectable products, including a ban on universal default passwords, a vulnerability disclosure policy and published minimum security update periods, and reforms telecoms infrastructure rules. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/gb-2022-psti-act - Commission Decision establishing the European AI Office (C/2024/1459). European Union, European Commission. law, In force (last action 2024-02-21: Enters into force). Effective 2024-02-21. Topics: ai, government-ai. Establishes the European Artificial Intelligence Office within DG CONNECT to prepare and support implementation of the AI Act, including supervision of general-purpose AI models. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eu-2024-ai-office-decision - Second Additional Protocol to the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime (CETS No. 224). Council of Europe, Council of Europe Committee of Ministers. treaty, Adopted (last action 2023-02-14: Council of the EU adopts Decision (EU) 2023/436 authorising EU Member States to ratify the protocol). Topics: cybersecurity, data, privacy. Protocol to the Budapest Convention on enhanced international cooperation and direct disclosure of electronic evidence, including requests to service providers for subscriber information. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/coe-2021-budapest-second-additional-protocol (unverified) - Protocol amending Convention 108 (Convention 108+) (CETS No. 223). Council of Europe, Council of Europe Committee of Ministers. treaty, Adopted (last action 2019-04-09: Council of the EU adopts Decision (EU) 2019/682 authorising EU Member States to ratify the protocol). Topics: privacy, data. Amending protocol that modernises the Council of Europe data protection convention (Convention 108), strengthening data subject rights, accountability and oversight of cross-border data flows. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/coe-2018-convention-108-plus (unverified) ## Global bodies - UN Convention against Cybercrime (A/RES/79/243). United Nations, UN General Assembly. treaty, Adopted (last action 2026-09-25: Signatures reach 95 and parties 3 (per UN Treaty Collection, 26 September 2026); not yet in force, 40 ratifications needed). Votes: adopted without a vote. Topics: cybersecurity, data, privacy. A global treaty requiring parties to criminalize certain offences committed through information and communications technology systems and to cooperate on sharing electronic evidence of serious crimes, which enters into force 90 days after the 40th ratification. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2024-convention-against-cybercrime - Independent International Scientific Panel on AI and Global Dialogue on AI Governance (A/RES/79/325). United Nations, UN General Assembly. resolution, Adopted (last action 2026-09-21: Scientific Panel releases a Thematic Brief on AI agents, misalignment and the risk of losing human control). Votes: adopted without a vote. Topics: ai, government-ai. Sets the terms of reference for a 40-member Independent International Scientific Panel on Artificial Intelligence that issues an annual assessment report, and establishes an annual Global Dialogue on AI Governance alternating between Geneva and New York. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2025-ai-scientific-panel-global-dialogue - International Day of Safe, Secure and Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (A/RES/80/302). United Nations, UN General Assembly. resolution, Adopted (last action 2026-08-31: Adopted by the General Assembly at its 109th plenary meeting (resolution 80/302)). Topics: ai. Designates 31 August as the International Day of Safe, Secure and Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence, to be observed annually beginning in 2027. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2026-international-day-safe-trustworthy-ai - Promotion and protection of human rights in the context of digital technologies (2025) (A/RES/80/215). United Nations, UN General Assembly. resolution, Adopted (last action 2025-12-18: Adopted by the General Assembly at its 69th plenary meeting on the report of the Third Committee (A/80/545) (resolution 80/215)). Topics: ai, privacy, online-safety. Updates the General Assembly's call for a human rights based approach to the design, development, deployment and use of digital technologies, including artificial intelligence. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2025-human-rights-digital-technologies - Global Digital Compact (Pact for the Future) (A/RES/79/1 (annex I)). United Nations, UN General Assembly. resolution, Adopted (last action 2025-12-17: Follow-up: WSIS+20 outcome document (resolution 80/173) adopted, referring to the objectives and commitments of the Compact). Votes: adopted without a vote. Topics: ai, data, privacy, online-safety, telecom. The Global Digital Compact, annexed to the Pact for the Future, sets shared objectives on closing digital divides, an inclusive and safe digital space, data governance and international AI governance, including the decision to create a scientific panel and global dialogue on AI. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2024-global-digital-compact - WSIS+20 review outcome document (A/RES/80/173). United Nations, UN General Assembly. resolution, Adopted (last action 2025-12-17: Adopted by the General Assembly at its 68th plenary meeting, the high-level meeting on the overall WSIS review (resolution 80/173)). Topics: telecom, data, ai. Outcome of the General Assembly's 20-year review of the World Summit on the Information Society, which makes the Internet Governance Forum a permanent UN forum and schedules the next overall review for 2035. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2025-wsis20-outcome - Artificial intelligence in the military domain (2025) (A/RES/80/58). United Nations, UN General Assembly. resolution, Adopted (last action 2025-12-01: Adopted by the General Assembly at its 52nd plenary meeting on the report of the First Committee (A/80/534) (resolution 80/58)). Topics: ai. Reaffirms that international law applies throughout the life cycle of AI in the military domain, takes note of the Secretary-General's report under resolution 79/239 and decides to convene informal exchanges among States in Geneva on its conclusions. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2025-ai-military-domain - Lethal autonomous weapons systems (2025) (A/RES/80/57). United Nations, UN General Assembly. resolution, Adopted (last action 2025-12-01: Adopted by the General Assembly at its 52nd plenary meeting on the report of the First Committee (A/80/534) (resolution 80/57)). Topics: ai. Third General Assembly resolution on lethal autonomous weapons systems, calling on parties to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons to complete the elements of an instrument under development in the Group of Governmental Experts with a view to future negotiations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2025-lethal-autonomous-weapons - Possible risks of integrating AI into nuclear command, control and communications (A/RES/80/23). United Nations, UN General Assembly. resolution, Adopted (last action 2025-12-01: Adopted by the General Assembly at its 52nd plenary meeting on the report of the First Committee (A/80/534) (resolution 80/23)). Topics: ai. Demands that human control and oversight be maintained over nuclear weapons command, control and communications systems that integrate artificial intelligence, and urges nuclear-weapon States to publish policies affirming this. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2025-ai-nuclear-command-control - Recommendation on the Ethics of Neurotechnology (UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Neurotechnology). United Nations, UNESCO General Conference. resolution, Adopted (last action 2025-11-11: Adopted by the UNESCO General Conference at its 43rd session in Samarkand, Uzbekistan). Topics: privacy, data, biometrics, ai. A UNESCO standard-setting recommendation, mandated by the 42nd General Conference in November 2023, that gives Member States shared values, principles and concrete policy actions for the ethical development and use of neurotechnology. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2025-unesco-recommendation-ethics-neurotechnology - New and emerging digital technologies and human rights (2025) (A/HRC/RES/59/11). United Nations, UN Human Rights Council. resolution, Adopted (last action 2025-07-07: Adopted by the Human Rights Council without a vote at its 31st meeting (resolution 59/11)). Votes: adopted without a vote. Topics: ai, privacy. Human Rights Council resolution calling for a holistic approach to the human rights impacts of new and emerging digital technologies and for national digital legislation to comply with international human rights law. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2025-hrc-new-emerging-digital-technologies - Neurotechnology and human rights (A/HRC/RES/58/6). United Nations, UN Human Rights Council. resolution, Adopted (last action 2025-04-02: Adopted by the Human Rights Council without a vote at its 55th meeting (resolution 58/6)). Votes: adopted without a vote. Topics: privacy, data, biometrics. Asks the Human Rights Council Advisory Committee to draft recommended guidelines on applying the existing human rights framework to the design, development and use of neurotechnologies, for presentation at the Council's 64th session. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2025-hrc-neurotechnology-human-rights - Artificial intelligence in the military domain and its implications for international peace and security (A/RES/79/239). United Nations, UN General Assembly. resolution, Adopted (last action 2024-12-24: Adopted by the General Assembly by recorded vote, 159 in favour, 2 against, 5 abstentions, on the report of the First Committee (resolution 79/239)). Votes: 159-2-5. Topics: ai. Affirms that international law applies across the life cycle of military AI capabilities and asks the Secretary-General to seek views of States on the opportunities and challenges of AI in the military domain and report to the 80th session. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2024-ai-military-domain - The right to privacy in the digital age (2024) (A/RES/79/175). United Nations, UN General Assembly. resolution, Adopted (last action 2024-12-17: Adopted by the General Assembly at its 53rd plenary meeting on the report of the Third Committee (resolution 79/175)). Topics: privacy, data, ai, biometrics. Calls on States to respect and protect the right to privacy in the digital age, including in the context of surveillance, data collection and the design, use and governance of artificial intelligence. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2024-right-to-privacy-digital-age - Lethal autonomous weapons systems (2024) (A/RES/79/62). United Nations, UN General Assembly. resolution, Adopted (last action 2024-12-02: Adopted by the General Assembly by recorded vote, 166 in favour, 3 against, 15 abstentions, on the report of the First Committee (resolution 79/62)). Votes: 166-3-15. Topics: ai. Follows up resolution 78/241 by deciding to convene open informal consultations in New York in 2025 on lethal autonomous weapons systems, complementing the work of the Group of Governmental Experts under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2024-lethal-autonomous-weapons - ITU-T standardization activities on artificial intelligence (ITU-T Resolution 101 (New Delhi, 2024)). United Nations, ITU World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA-24). resolution, Adopted (last action 2024-10-24: WTSA-24 closes with new resolutions, including Resolution 101 on AI standardization and Resolution 105 on metaverse standardization). Topics: ai, telecom. WTSA-24 resolution directing the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector to carry out standardization work on AI technologies in support of telecommunications and ICTs. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2024-itu-wtsa-resolution-101-ai - Promotion, protection and enjoyment of human rights on the Internet (2024) (A/HRC/RES/57/29). United Nations, UN Human Rights Council. resolution, Adopted (last action 2024-10-11: Adopted by the Human Rights Council without a vote at its 49th meeting (resolution 57/29)). Votes: adopted without a vote. Topics: online-safety, platforms, telecom. Human Rights Council resolution affirming that the same rights people have offline must also be protected online, in particular freedom of expression. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2024-hrc-human-rights-internet - Safety of the child in the digital environment (A/HRC/RES/56/6). United Nations, UN Human Rights Council. resolution, Adopted (last action 2024-07-10: Adopted by the Human Rights Council without a vote at its 34th meeting (resolution 56/6)). Votes: adopted without a vote. Topics: online-safety, platforms, privacy. Human Rights Council resolution on protecting children from harm in the digital environment while respecting their rights online. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2024-hrc-child-safety-digital-environment - Enhancing international cooperation on capacity-building of artificial intelligence (A/RES/78/311). United Nations, UN General Assembly. resolution, Adopted (last action 2024-07-01: Adopted by the General Assembly without a vote at its 97th plenary meeting, with additional co-sponsors including the United Kingdom and the United States (resolution 78/311)). Votes: adopted without a vote. Topics: ai. A China-led General Assembly resolution calling for international cooperation and support to help developing countries build artificial intelligence capacity and close AI divides. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2024-ai-capacity-building - Seizing the opportunities of safe, secure and trustworthy AI systems for sustainable development (A/RES/78/265). United Nations, UN General Assembly. resolution, Adopted (last action 2024-03-21: Adopted by the General Assembly without a vote at its 63rd plenary meeting (resolution 78/265)). Votes: adopted without a vote. Topics: ai. The first stand-alone General Assembly resolution on artificial intelligence, encouraging Member States to promote safe, secure and trustworthy AI systems that respect human rights and support the Sustainable Development Goals. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2024-safe-secure-trustworthy-ai - Lethal autonomous weapons systems (2023) (A/RES/78/241). United Nations, UN General Assembly. resolution, Adopted (last action 2023-12-22: Adopted by the General Assembly by recorded vote, 152 in favour, 4 against, 11 abstentions, on the report of the First Committee (resolution 78/241)). Votes: 152-4-11. Topics: ai. The first General Assembly resolution on lethal autonomous weapons systems, asking the Secretary-General to collect views of States and others on the challenges they raise and to report to the 79th session. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2023-lethal-autonomous-weapons - Promotion and protection of human rights in the context of digital technologies (A/RES/78/213). United Nations, UN General Assembly. resolution, Adopted (last action 2023-12-19: Adopted by the General Assembly at its 50th plenary meeting on the report of the Third Committee (resolution 78/213)). Topics: ai, privacy, online-safety. Affirms that human rights must be protected online and offline and calls for an open, safe, secure and inclusive digital technology environment, including human rights safeguards for artificial intelligence. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2023-human-rights-digital-technologies - Right to privacy in the digital age (HRC 2023) (A/HRC/RES/54/21). United Nations, UN Human Rights Council. resolution, Adopted (last action 2023-10-12: Adopted by the Human Rights Council without a vote at its 48th meeting (resolution 54/21)). Votes: adopted without a vote. Topics: privacy, data, ai, biometrics. Human Rights Council resolution on protecting the right to privacy against surveillance, data collection and the use of artificial intelligence and other digital technologies. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2023-hrc-right-to-privacy-digital-age - New and emerging digital technologies and human rights (2023) (A/HRC/RES/53/29). United Nations, UN Human Rights Council. resolution, Adopted (last action 2023-07-14: Adopted by the Human Rights Council without a vote at its 37th meeting (resolution 53/29)). Votes: adopted without a vote. Topics: ai, privacy. Human Rights Council resolution asking States and companies to address the human rights risks of new and emerging digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, across their life cycle. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2023-hrc-new-emerging-digital-technologies - Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence (UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligen). United Nations, UNESCO General Conference. resolution, Adopted (last action 2021-11-23: Adopted by the UNESCO General Conference at its 41st session in Paris). Topics: ai, data, privacy. The first global standard on AI ethics, a voluntary UNESCO recommendation setting values, principles and policy action areas for Member States on the ethical development and use of AI. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/un-2021-unesco-recommendation-ethics-ai ## Americas - Brazil AI Bill (Marco Legal da Inteligencia Artificial) (PL 2338/2023). Brazil, Senado Federal; Camara dos Deputados. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-09-02: Chamber of Deputies special committee still awaiting the rapporteur's opinion; further AI bills attached (apensados) to the proposal). Topics: ai. Sets rules for the development, promotion and ethical and responsible use of artificial intelligence in Brazil, with risk-based obligations and a national AI regulation and governance system. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/br-2023-pl-2338-ai-bill - Chile AI Systems Bill (Boletin 16821-19 (merged with 15869-19)). Chile, Camara de Diputados; Senado de Chile. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-09-01: Government renews simple urgency while the bill awaits the first report of the Senate Committee on Challenges of the Future, Science, Technology and Innovation). Topics: ai. Government bill to regulate artificial intelligence systems in Chile using a risk-based approach. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/cl-2024-ai-systems-bill - Lawful Access Act, 2026 (Bill C-22 (45th Parliament, 1st Session)). Canada, Parliament of Canada. bill, Passed one chamber (last action 2026-06-18: Committee stage completed and third reading in the House of Commons; first reading in the Senate). Topics: privacy, data, telecom. Government bill giving law enforcement new tools to obtain subscriber information and other data from electronic service providers in investigations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/ca-2026-bill-c-22-lawful-access - Protecting Victims Act (Bill C-16 (45th Parliament, 1st Session), S.C. 2026, c. 19). Canada, Parliament of Canada. law, Enacted (last action 2026-06-18: Senate third reading and Royal Assent). Topics: deepfakes, online-safety. Criminal law bill that among other measures extends the offence of non-consensual distribution of intimate images to realistic fabricated depictions of an identifiable person, covering sexual deepfakes. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/ca-2026-bill-c-16-protecting-victims - STF ruling on Marco Civil da Internet article 19 platform liability (RE 1037396 (Tema 987) and RE 1057258 (Tema 533)). Brazil, Supremo Tribunal Federal (Plenary). ruling, Ruled (last action 2026-06-17: Plenary rules on motions for clarification (embargos de declaracao), mostly not admitted and one partially accepted, and restates the Tema 987 thesis; judgment becomes final). Votes: majority; Minister Edson Fachin dissenting on Tema 987. Topics: platforms, online-safety. Declares article 19 of the Marco Civil da Internet partially unconstitutional and holds internet application providers civilly liable for certain third-party content after notice, and without notice for paid ads, bot networks and a list of serious crimes, until Congress legislates. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/br-2025-stf-marco-civil-article-19 - Bill C-8: cyber security and Telecommunications Act amendments (Bill C-8 (45th Parliament, 1st Session), S.C. 2026, c. 9). Canada, Parliament of Canada. law, Enacted (last action 2026-06-15: Royal Assent). Topics: cybersecurity, telecom. Enacts a cyber security framework for critical cyber systems in federally regulated sectors and amends the Telecommunications Act to let the government secure the telecommunications system. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/ca-2026-bill-c-8-critical-cyber-systems - Protecting Privacy and Consumer Data Act (Bill C-36) (Bill C-36 (45th Parliament, 1st Session)). Canada, Parliament of Canada (House of Commons). bill, Introduced (last action 2026-06-15: First reading in the House of Commons). Topics: privacy, data, ai. Government bill that would enact the Protecting Privacy and Consumer Data Act and amend PIPEDA to modernize federal private sector privacy law, including protections for children's data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/ca-2026-bill-c-36-privacy-consumer-data - Safe Social Media Act (Digital Safety Act) (Bill C-34 (45th Parliament, 1st Session)). Canada, Parliament of Canada (House of Commons). bill, Introduced (last action 2026-06-10: First reading in the House of Commons). Topics: online-safety, platforms, ai. Government bill that would enact the Digital Safety Act and the Digital Safety Commission of Canada Act to impose safety duties on social media services and AI chatbots, with a focus on children. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/ca-2026-bill-c-34-safe-social-media - Digital Statute of Children and Adolescents (ECA Digital) (Lei 15.211/2025 (PL 2628/2022)). Brazil, Presidency of the Republic (National Congress). law, In force (last action 2026-03-17: Law enters into force (date set by Law 15.352/2026, after Provisional Measure 1.319/2025 set a six-month vacatio legis)). Effective 2026-03-17. Topics: online-safety, platforms, privacy. Sets duties for providers of digital products and services likely to be accessed by children and adolescents, including age verification, parental supervision tools and protection against harmful content. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/br-2025-eca-digital - Law restructuring the ANPD as the National Data Protection Agency (Lei 15.352/2026 (conversion of Medida Provisoria 1.317/2025)). Brazil, National Congress; Presidency of the Republic. law, In force (last action 2026-02-25: Converted into Law 15.352/2026, published in an extra edition of the Diario Oficial da Uniao and in force on publication). Effective 2026-02-25. Topics: privacy, data, online-safety. Amends the LGPD to establish the Agencia Nacional de Protecao de Dados (ANPD) as a special autonomous federal agency, creates a data protection regulation and enforcement career, and sets the ECA Digital's entry into force for 2026-03-17. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/br-2026-lei-15352-anpd-agency - Uruguay AI provisions in the 2022 Budget Accountability Law (Ley 20.212 (arts. 74 and 75)). Uruguay, Asamblea General; Poder Ejecutivo. law, In force (last action 2025-12-10: Regulatory Decree 276/025 on articles 74 and 75 published in the Diario Oficial). Topics: ai, data, government-ai. Tasks the digital government agency AGESIC with designing a national data and artificial intelligence strategy, reporting to Parliament with recommendations for AI regulation, and promoting controlled testing environments for innovative projects. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/uy-2023-ley-20212-ai-strategy-provisions - Uruguay decree on controlled testing environments for data and AI projects (Decreto 276/025). Uruguay, Poder Ejecutivo (AGESIC proposal). law, In force (last action 2025-12-10: Published in the Diario Oficial). Topics: ai, data. Regulates articles 74 and 75 of Law 20.212 by setting rules for controlled testing environments (sandboxes) for innovative projects, especially those using data and artificial intelligence. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/uy-2025-decreto-276-ai-sandboxes - Colombia AI Regulation Bill (PL 043/2025 Senado, 324/2025 Camara). Colombia, Congress of Colombia (joint Sixth Committees of Senate and House). bill, In committee (last action 2025-12-03: Positive report (ponencia) for first debate filed before the joint Sixth Committees of the Senate and House; government asks the committees to hold the first debate before 2025-12-16). Topics: ai. Government framework bill to regulate the development and use of artificial intelligence in Colombia with a risk-based approach that protects fundamental rights, filed by the President with a message of urgency. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/co-2025-pl-043-ai-bill (unverified) - Mexico Federal Law on Protection of Personal Data Held by Private Parties (2025) (Ley Federal de Proteccion de Datos Personales en Posesion de). Mexico, Congreso de la Union; Presidency of Mexico. law, In force (last action 2025-11-14: Amended by decree harmonizing laws with the National Code of Civil and Family Procedures (DOF 14-11-2025)). Effective 2025-03-21. Topics: privacy, data. Replaces Mexico's 2010 private-sector data protection law and moves its oversight from the dissolved INAI to the Secretaria Anticorrupcion y Buen Gobierno. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/mx-2025-lfpdppp-private-data-law - Mexico General Law on Protection of Personal Data Held by Obligated Subjects (2025) (Ley General de Proteccion de Datos Personales en Posesion de). Mexico, Congreso de la Union; Presidency of Mexico. law, In force (last action 2025-11-14: Amended by decree published in the Diario Oficial de la Federacion (DOF 14-11-2025)). Effective 2025-03-21. Topics: privacy, data. Replaces the 2017 general law governing personal data held by public authorities and other obligated subjects, following the dissolution of INAI. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/mx-2025-lgpdppso-public-sector-data-law - Strong Borders Act (Bill C-2 (45th Parliament, 1st Session)). Canada, Parliament of Canada (House of Commons). bill, Introduced (last action 2025-09-17: Latest debate at second reading). Topics: privacy, data. Omnibus government bill on border security and related security measures, including new search and information access powers, which remains at second reading while related border measures were enacted separately in Bill C-12. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/ca-2025-bill-c-2-strong-borders - Peru Law Promoting the Use of Artificial Intelligence (Ley 31814). Peru, Congreso de la Republica del Peru. law, In force (last action 2025-09-09: Implementing regulation approved by Supreme Decree 115-2025-PCM). Topics: ai, government-ai. Promotes the use of artificial intelligence for Peru's economic and social development and designates the Presidency of the Council of Ministers' digital government secretariat as the national technical authority on AI. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/pe-2023-ley-31814-ai-promotion - Regulation of Peru's AI Law (Law 31814) (Decreto Supremo 115-2025-PCM). Peru, Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros (PCM). law, In force (last action 2025-09-09: Published in El Peruano; enters into force 90 business days after publication, except certain final provisions effective the next day. Private-sector obligations phase in over one to four years by sector). Topics: ai, government-ai. Approves the regulation of Law 31814, setting a risk-based framework for AI use with prohibited and high-risk uses and phased compliance deadlines for public entities and private developers and deployers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/pe-2025-ds-115-2025-pcm-ai-regulation - ANPD International Data Transfer Regulation (Resolucao CD/ANPD No. 19/2024). Brazil, Autoridade Nacional de Protecao de Dados (ANPD), Board of Directors. law, In force (last action 2025-08-23: Twelve-month deadline for agents using contractual clauses to incorporate the ANPD standard contractual clauses ends). Effective 2024-08-23. Topics: privacy, data. Sets rules under the LGPD for international transfers of personal data and approves standard contractual clauses that controllers using contractual clauses must adopt. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/br-2024-anpd-international-transfers - Mexico Telecommunications and Broadcasting Law (2025) (Ley en Materia de Telecomunicaciones y Radiodifusion (DOF 16). Mexico, Congreso de la Union; Presidency of Mexico. law, In force (last action 2025-07-17: Law enters into force (the IFT continues in functions until the plenary of the Comision Reguladora de Telecomunicaciones is constituted)). Effective 2025-07-17. Topics: telecom. Replaces the 2014 Federal Telecommunications and Broadcasting Law and transfers regulation from the Federal Telecommunications Institute (IFT) to the Agencia de Transformacion Digital y Telecomunicaciones and a new Comision Reguladora de Telecomunicaciones. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/mx-2025-telecom-broadcasting-law - Mexico constitutional reform on organic simplification (INAI and IFT dissolution) (Decree reforming the Constitution on organic simplification ). Mexico, Congreso de la Union (Constituent Power); Presidency of Mexico. law, In force (last action 2025-07-16: New Telecommunications and Broadcasting Law published, providing that the telecom-related constitutional changes take effect once the Comision Reguladora de Telecomunicaciones plenary is constituted). Topics: privacy, data, telecom. Amends the Mexican Constitution to eliminate several autonomous bodies, including the transparency and data protection institute INAI and the Federal Telecommunications Institute (IFT), transferring their functions to government agencies. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/mx-2024-constitutional-organic-simplification - Colombia National Artificial Intelligence Policy (CONPES 4144). Colombia, Consejo Nacional de Politica Economica y Social (CONPES); Departamento Nacional de Planeacion. strategy, Adopted (last action 2025-02-14: Approved by CONPES). Topics: ai, government-ai. Sets Colombia's national AI policy with 106 actions to 2030 across ethics and governance, data and infrastructure, research, skills and adoption, with an estimated investment of about COP 479,273 million. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/co-2025-conpes-4144-ai-policy - Digital Charter Implementation Act, 2022 (including AIDA) (Bill C-27 (44th Parliament, 1st Session)). Canada, Parliament of Canada (House of Commons). bill, Failed (last action 2025-01-06: Parliament prorogued; bill dies at committee stage). Topics: privacy, data, ai. Government bill that would have enacted the Consumer Privacy Protection Act, the Personal Information and Data Protection Tribunal Act and the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act; it died when Parliament was prorogued. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/ca-2022-bill-c-27-digital-charter - Online Harms Act (Bill C-63 (44th Parliament, 1st Session)). Canada, Parliament of Canada (House of Commons). bill, Failed (last action 2025-01-06: Parliament prorogued; bill dies at second reading). Topics: online-safety, platforms. Government bill that would have enacted the Online Harms Act and amended the Criminal Code and Canadian Human Rights Act to address harmful online content; it died at second reading when Parliament was prorogued. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/ca-2024-bill-c-63-online-harms - Chile Personal Data Protection Law (Ley 21.719) (Ley 21.719). Chile, Congreso Nacional; Ministerio Secretaria General de la Presidencia. law, Enacted (last action 2024-12-13: Published in the Diario Oficial). Effective 2026-12-01. Topics: privacy, data. Overhauls Chile's personal data protection regime by amending Law 19.628, adding data subject rights such as portability, and creating an independent Personal Data Protection Agency. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/cl-2024-ley-21719-data-protection - Quebec Law 25 (Act to modernize legislative provisions as regards the protection of personal information) (S.Q. 2021, c. 25). Canada, National Assembly of Quebec. law, In force (last action 2024-09-22: Data portability right in force). Effective 2022-09-22. Topics: privacy, data. Quebec law modernizing public and private sector privacy rules in phases, adding privacy governance duties, privacy impact assessments, consent and transparency requirements and a data portability right. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/ca-2021-quebec-law-25 - Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan (PBIA) 2024-2028 (PBIA 2024-2028). Brazil, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI). strategy, Adopted (last action 2024-07-30: Launched by MCTI at the 5th National Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation). Topics: ai, government-ai, datacenters. Four-year national AI plan, titled IA para o Bem de Todos, organised in five axes with about R$ 23 billion in planned investment for AI infrastructure including supercomputing, skills, public services, business innovation and regulation. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/br-2024-pbia-ai-plan - Chile Framework Cybersecurity Law (Ley Marco de Ciberseguridad) (Ley 21.663). Chile, Congreso Nacional; Ministerio del Interior y Seguridad Publica. law, In force (last action 2024-04-08: Published in the Diario Oficial; the President is empowered to set the start dates of the agency and of the law's provisions by decree with force of law). Topics: cybersecurity. Sets a national cybersecurity framework with duties for essential service providers and operators of vital importance and creates the National Cybersecurity Agency (ANCI). https://legislations.fru.dev/items/cl-2024-ley-21663-cybersecurity-framework (unverified) - TSE Resolution 23.732/2024 on AI in electoral propaganda (Resolucao TSE 23.732/2024). Brazil, Superior Electoral Court (TSE). law, In force (last action 2024-02-27: Adopted by the TSE, amending Resolution 23.610/2019 on electoral propaganda). Topics: elections, deepfakes, ai, platforms. Amends TSE Resolution 23.610/2019 on electoral propaganda, adding rules on the use of artificial intelligence in campaign content, including labeling of synthetic content and a ban on deepfakes. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/br-2024-tse-res-23732-ai-electoral-propaganda (unverified) ## Asia-Pacific - Act on the Protection of Personal Information Amendment (Act No. 56 of 2026). Japan, National Diet of Japan. law, In force (last action 2026-09-16: Personal Information Protection Commission adopts its first basic approach for the implementing cabinet orders and commission rules). Effective 2026-07-17. Topics: privacy, data, ai, biometrics. Amends Japan's personal information law to allow data sharing without consent for statistics and AI development, strengthen protections for children under 16 and facial feature data, and introduce administrative surcharges for serious violations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/jp-2026-appi-amendment - Online Safety Amendment (Strengthening Enforcement for the Social Media Minimum Age) Act 2026 (Act No. 83, 2026). Australia, Parliament of Australia. law, In force (last action 2026-09-12: Act commences (day after Royal Assent)). Effective 2026-09-12. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Doubles the maximum civil penalties for breaching the social media minimum age obligations and expands the eSafety Commissioner's powers to obtain compliance information. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/au-2026-social-media-minimum-age-enforcement - Online Safety Amendment (Social Media Minimum Age) Act 2024 (Act No. 127, 2024). Australia, Parliament of Australia. law, In force (last action 2026-09-11: Online Safety Amendment (Strengthening Enforcement for the Social Media Minimum Age) Act 2026 receives Royal Assent, doubling maximum penalties). Effective 2024-12-11. Topics: online-safety, platforms, privacy. Amends the Online Safety Act 2021 to require providers of age-restricted social media platforms to take reasonable steps to prevent children under 16 from having accounts. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/au-2024-social-media-minimum-age - Personal Information Protection Act Amendment (Act No. 21445). South Korea, National Assembly of the Republic of Korea. law, In force (last action 2026-09-11: Amendment enters into force). Effective 2026-09-11. Topics: privacy, data, cybersecurity. Amends PIPA after large data breaches to make company heads ultimately responsible for data protection, require notice of possible breaches, mandate privacy certification for large handlers, and allow fines of up to 10 percent of total revenue for repeated or massive violations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/kr-2026-pipa-amendment - Provisions on Personal Information Protection by Large Personal Information Handlers (Draft for Comment). China, Cyberspace Administration of China. proposal, Proposed (last action 2026-09-07: Public comment period closes). Topics: privacy, data, platforms. Draft rules that would designate handlers processing personal information of 10 million or more people or providing important network services as large handlers, subject to registration, heightened security duties and independent personal information protection supervisory committees. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/cn-2026-large-pi-handlers-protection-provisions-draft - Scams Prevention Framework Act 2025 (Act No. 15, 2025). Australia, Parliament of Australia. law, In force (last action 2026-08-31: Scams Prevention Framework Rules 2026 made). Effective 2025-02-21. Topics: platforms, telecom, online-safety. Amends the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 to create a Scams Prevention Framework imposing scam prevention, detection, reporting and response obligations on designated sectors such as banks, telecommunications and digital platforms. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/au-2025-scams-prevention-framework - Biometric Processing Privacy Code 2025. New Zealand, Office of the Privacy Commissioner. law, In force (last action 2026-08-03: Grace period ends for agencies with biometric processing already in place before the code took effect). Effective 2025-11-03. Topics: biometrics, privacy. Sets binding privacy rules under the Privacy Act 2020 for agencies that use biometric technologies such as facial recognition to verify, identify or categorise people. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/nz-2025-biometric-processing-privacy-code - AI Basic Act (Framework Act on the Development of AI and Establishment of Trust) (Act No. 20676). South Korea, National Assembly of the Republic of Korea. law, In force (last action 2026-07-21: Remaining provisions of the January 2026 amendment enter into force). Effective 2026-01-22. Votes: National Assembly 260 in favor, 1 against (264 present). Topics: ai, deepfakes, government-ai. Creates South Korea's comprehensive AI framework, with a national AI strategy committee and basic plan, industry support, and obligations for high-impact and generative AI such as user notice, labeling, risk management and local representatives for foreign firms, backed by fines of up to 30 million won. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/kr-2025-ai-basic-act - Enforcement Decree of the AI Basic Act (Presidential Decree No. 36053). South Korea, Government of the Republic of Korea (Ministry of Science and ICT). law, In force (last action 2026-07-21: Amending Presidential Decree No. 36506 enters into force, including changes to impact assessment content). Effective 2026-01-22. Topics: ai. Implements the AI Basic Act with detailed rules on high-impact AI criteria and impact assessments, safety obligations for large AI systems, domestic representative thresholds and the schedule of administrative fines. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/kr-2026-ai-basic-act-enforcement-decree - Interim Measures for the Administration of AI Anthropomorphic Interactive Services (CAC Order No. 21). China, Cyberspace Administration of China, NDRC, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security, State Administration for Market Regulati. law, In force (last action 2026-07-15: Measures enter into force). Effective 2026-07-15. Topics: ai, online-safety, privacy. Regulates AI companion and other human-like emotional interaction services, barring virtual intimate relationship services for minors and requiring safeguards against emotional dependence and separate consent before chat data is used for training. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/cn-2026-anthropomorphic-ai-interactive-services-measures - AI Basic Plan. Japan, Cabinet of Japan. strategy, Adopted (last action 2026-07-14: Revised AI Basic Plan (second phase) adopted by cabinet decision). Topics: ai, government-ai. Sets out the government's plan under the AI Promotion Act for promoting AI research, development, use and trustworthiness, revised in 2026 as a second-phase plan. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/jp-2025-ai-basic-plan - Law on Artificial Intelligence (Law No. 134/2025/QH15). Vietnam, National Assembly of Viet Nam. law, In force (last action 2026-07-07: Government announces promulgation of a list of high-risk AI systems in education, healthcare, banking, transport, judicial and other sectors). Effective 2026-03-01. Topics: ai, government-ai. Regulates the research, development, provision, deployment and use of AI systems in Viet Nam with risk-based obligations, human oversight, an AI sandbox and a national AI development fund. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/vn-2025-law-on-artificial-intelligence - Law on Cybersecurity 2025 (Law No. 116/2025/QH15). Vietnam, National Assembly of Viet Nam. law, In force (last action 2026-07-01: Law takes effect). Effective 2026-07-01. Votes: 434 of 443 deputies present in favour. Topics: cybersecurity. Combines the 2018 Law on Cybersecurity and the 2015 Law on Cyberinformation Security into one law, with the Ministry of Public Security as the coordinating body for incident response and cybercrime investigations. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/vn-2025-law-on-cybersecurity - Online Safety (Relief and Accountability) Act 2025. Singapore, Parliament of Singapore. law, In force (last action 2026-06-29: Online Safety Commission begins operations; specified statutory tort provisions take effect). Effective 2026-06-29. Topics: online-safety, platforms, deepfakes. Creates a Commissioner of Online Safety and Online Safety Commission that can direct takedowns and account restrictions for online harms such as intimate image abuse, doxxing and harassment, and creates statutory torts for victims. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/sg-2025-online-safety-relief-and-accountability-act - PP Tunas (Child Protection in Electronic Systems Regulation) (Government Regulation No. 17 of 2025). Indonesia, Government of Indonesia. law, In force (last action 2026-06-06: Deadline for platforms to submit compliance self-assessment reports). Topics: online-safety, platforms. Sets governance rules for electronic system operators, including social media and gaming platforms, to protect children online, such as minimum-age limits on children's accounts. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/id-2025-pp-tunas-child-protection - Children's Online Privacy Code. Australia, Office of the Australian Information Commissioner. proposal, Proposed (last action 2026-06-05: Phase 3 consultation closes). Topics: privacy, online-safety, platforms. A binding privacy code being developed by the OAIC under the Privacy Act, as required by the 2024 amendments, to set how online services likely to be accessed by children handle their personal information. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/au-2026-childrens-online-privacy-code - Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2025 (Act No. 32 of 2025). India, Parliament of India. law, In force (last action 2026-05-01: Online Gaming Rules, 2026 come into force). Topics: platforms, online-safety. Bans online money games and their advertising and payment processing, promotes e-sports and social games, and provides for an Online Gaming Authority of India. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/in-2025-online-gaming-act - Cyber Security Act 2024 (Act No. 98, 2024). Australia, Parliament of Australia. law, In force (last action 2026-04-28: Chair and members of the Cyber Incident Review Board appointed). Effective 2024-11-30. Topics: cybersecurity. Sets security standards for smart devices, requires certain businesses to report ransomware payments, limits use of incident information shared with the government, and creates a Cyber Incident Review Board. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/au-2024-cyber-security-act - Active Cyber Defense Act (Act on Preventing Damage from Unauthorized Acts Against Critical Computers) (Act No. 42 of 2025). Japan, National Diet of Japan. law, In force (last action 2026-04-01: Further provisions enter into force). Effective 2025-05-23. Topics: cybersecurity, telecom. Creates Japan's active cyber defense framework, requiring designated critical infrastructure operators to report incidents and letting the government acquire and analyze cross-border communications data under review by a new independent oversight commission. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/jp-2025-active-cyber-defense-act - Online Safety (Age-Restricted Social Media Platforms) Rules 2025 (F2025L00889). Australia, Minister for Communications. law, In force (last action 2026-03-25: Amendment Rules 2026 made). Effective 2025-07-31. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Specifies classes of services, such as messaging, online gaming, professional networking, education and health services, that are excluded from Australia's social media minimum age obligation. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/au-2025-age-restricted-social-media-platforms-rules - Cyber Security (Security Standards for Smart Devices) Rules 2025 (F2025L00276). Australia, Minister for Home Affairs. law, In force (last action 2026-03-04: Security standards (Part 2 and Schedule 1) apply, 12 months after registration). Effective 2025-03-04. Topics: cybersecurity. Sets mandatory security standards under the Cyber Security Act 2024 for consumer internet-connected devices, including rules against universal default passwords. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/au-2025-smart-devices-security-standards - IT (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Amendment Rules, 2026 (G.S.R. 120(E)). India, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. law, In force (last action 2026-02-26: Corrigenda published (G.S.R. 148(E))). Effective 2026-02-20. Topics: deepfakes, ai, platforms, online-safety. Amends India's IT Rules 2021 to define synthetically generated information and require intermediaries to label AI-generated content, embed provenance metadata and act faster on unlawful deepfakes. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/in-2026-it-rules-synthetic-information - Model AI Governance Framework for Agentic AI. Singapore, Infocomm Media Development Authority. strategy, Adopted (last action 2026-01-22: Framework launched by Minister Josephine Teo at the World Economic Forum in Davos). Topics: ai. Gives organisations voluntary guidance on deploying AI agents responsibly, with technical and non-technical measures to manage risks while keeping humans accountable. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/sg-2026-model-ai-governance-framework-agentic-ai - Law on Artificial Intelligence (Law No. 230-VIII). Kazakhstan, Parliament of Kazakhstan. law, In force (last action 2026-01-18: Law enters into force). Effective 2026-01-18. Topics: ai, deepfakes, copyright. Sets principles, a three-level risk classification, prohibited practices and machine-readable labeling of synthetic content for AI systems in Kazakhstan, and addresses copyright in AI-generated works. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/kz-2025-law-on-artificial-intelligence (unverified) - Artificial Intelligence Basic Act (Presidential Order Hua-Zong-Yi-Yi-Zi No. 11500001671). Taiwan, Legislative Yuan. law, In force (last action 2026-01-14: Promulgated by presidential order and enters into force on promulgation). Effective 2026-01-14. Topics: ai, privacy, government-ai. Sets Taiwan's basic AI governance framework with the National Science and Technology Council as competent authority, seven governance principles, a risk classification framework coordinated by the Ministry of Digital Affairs, and labeling and accountability rules for high-risk AI. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/tw-2026-ai-basic-act - Decision Amending the Cybersecurity Law (Presidential Order No. 61). China, Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. law, In force (last action 2026-01-01: Amended Cybersecurity Law enters into force). Effective 2026-01-01. Topics: cybersecurity, ai, data, privacy. Amends the Cybersecurity Law to add a provision supporting AI research, infrastructure, ethics and risk monitoring, raise fines for network security violations, and align liability with the Data Security Law and Personal Information Protection Law. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/cn-2025-cybersecurity-law-amendment - Law on Personal Data Protection (Law No. 91/2025/QH15). Vietnam, National Assembly of Viet Nam. law, In force (last action 2026-01-01: Law takes effect). Effective 2026-01-01. Topics: privacy, data. Sets a statutory framework for collecting, processing and transferring personal data in Viet Nam, replacing Decree 13/2023/ND-CP as the main personal data protection rule. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/vn-2025-personal-data-protection-law - Online Safety Act 2025 (Act 866). Malaysia, Parliament of Malaysia. law, In force (last action 2026-01-01: Act comes into force; subsidiary regulations on fees, periods, undertakings and the Online Safety Appeal Tribunal in place). Effective 2026-01-01. Topics: online-safety, platforms. Requires licensed application, content and network service providers to mitigate harmful content, provide reporting mechanisms and protect child users, with enforcement by the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/my-2025-online-safety-act - Law on Digital Technology Industry. Vietnam, National Assembly of Viet Nam. law, In force (last action 2026-01-01: Law takes effect). Effective 2026-01-01. Topics: ai, chips, crypto. Provides a legal framework for Viet Nam's digital technology industry, including semiconductors, AI, digital technology parks and digital assets. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/vn-2025-law-on-digital-technology-industry (unverified) - Measures for Certification of Personal Information Export (CAC and SAMR Order No. 20). China, Cyberspace Administration of China, State Administration for Market Regulation. law, In force (last action 2026-01-01: Measures enter into force). Effective 2026-01-01. Topics: privacy, data. Sets out the certification route for transferring personal information out of China, including which handlers may use it, the certification bodies and process, and supervision of certified transfers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/cn-2025-pi-export-certification-measures - Protection of Critical Infrastructures (Computer Systems) Ordinance (Cap. 653). Hong Kong, Legislative Council of Hong Kong. law, In force (last action 2026-01-01: Ordinance comes into operation). Effective 2026-01-01. Topics: cybersecurity. Imposes statutory cybersecurity obligations on designated critical infrastructure operators in Hong Kong, covering organizational measures, preventive security measures and incident reporting, overseen by a new Commissioner's Office. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/hk-2025-critical-infrastructure-computer-systems-ordinance - Guidelines on Ensuring the Appropriateness of AI Research, Development and Use. Japan, AI Strategy Headquarters. strategy, Adopted (last action 2025-12-19: Guidelines adopted by decision of the AI Strategy Headquarters). Topics: ai. Sets government guidelines under the AI Promotion Act on the steps AI developers, providers and users should take to ensure AI is researched, developed and used appropriately. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/jp-2025-ai-appropriateness-guidelines - Mobile Software Competition Act (Act No. 58 of 2024). Japan, National Diet of Japan. law, In force (last action 2025-12-18: Act fully enters into force). Effective 2025-12-18. Topics: platforms. Regulates designated providers of key smartphone software such as operating systems and app stores, barring self-preferencing and unfair treatment of app developers and requiring more open platforms, enforced by the Japan Fair Trade Commission. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/jp-2024-mobile-software-competition-act - National AI Plan. Australia, Australian Government, Department of Industry, Science and Resources. strategy, Adopted (last action 2025-12-02: Plan released by the Australian Government). Topics: ai, datacenters, government-ai. Sets out the Australian Government's plan to build AI capability and infrastructure, spread the benefits of AI, and keep Australians safe, including establishing an AI Safety Institute. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/au-2025-national-ai-plan - IT (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Amendment Rules, 2025 (G.S.R. 775(E)). India, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. law, In force (last action 2025-11-15: Amendment comes into force). Effective 2025-11-15. Topics: platforms, online-safety. Substitutes rule 3(1)(d) of India's IT Rules 2021 to change how intermediaries must act on court orders and government notices under section 79(3)(b) of the IT Act to remove unlawful information. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/in-2025-it-rules-takedown-amendment - Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (Act No. 22 of 2023). India, Parliament of India. law, In force (last action 2025-11-13: G.S.R. 843(E) brings definitions, the Data Protection Board provisions (sections 18 to 26) and rule-making powers into force; G.S.R. 844(E) establishes the Data Protection Board of India). Effective 2025-11-13. Topics: privacy, data. Sets rules for processing digital personal data, including consent, duties of data fiduciaries, rights of data principals and a Data Protection Board with power to impose penalties. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/in-2023-digital-personal-data-protection-act - Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (G.S.R. 846(E)). India, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. law, In force (last action 2025-11-13: Final rules notified; rules 1, 2 and 17 to 21 (Data Protection Board) come into force on publication). Effective 2025-11-13. Topics: privacy, data. Implements the DPDP Act 2023 with rules on notice, consent managers, security safeguards, breach intimation, children's data and the Data Protection Board, phased in over 18 months. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/in-2025-dpdp-rules - Personal Data Protection Act Amendment (Presidential Order Hua-Zong-Yi-Jing-Zi No. 11400114521). Taiwan, Legislative Yuan. law, Enacted (last action 2025-11-11: Amendment promulgated by presidential order; effective date to be set by the Executive Yuan). Topics: privacy, data, cybersecurity. Amends Taiwan's Personal Data Protection Act to make the new Personal Data Protection Commission the competent authority, require breach notification and reporting, mandate data protection officers in public agencies and create an inspection regime for government bodies. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/tw-2025-pdpa-amendment - AI Promotion Act (Act on Promotion of Research, Development and Utilization of AI-Related Technologies) (Act No. 53 of 2025). Japan, National Diet of Japan. law, In force (last action 2025-09-01: Act fully enters into force, including provisions establishing the AI Strategy Headquarters). Effective 2025-06-04. Topics: ai, government-ai. Establishes Japan's basic framework for AI policy, creating an AI Strategy Headquarters under the Cabinet, requiring an AI Basic Plan and guidelines, and allowing the government to investigate and advise on AI misuse. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/jp-2025-ai-promotion-act - Measures for Labeling AI-Generated Synthetic Content (Guo Xin Ban Tong Zi (2025) No. 2). China, Cyberspace Administration of China, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security, National Radio and Television Administration. law, In force (last action 2025-09-01: Measures enter into force). Effective 2025-09-01. Topics: ai, deepfakes, platforms, online-safety. Requires providers of AI generation services and content distribution platforms to add explicit visible labels and implicit metadata labels to AI-generated text, audio, images, video and virtual scenes, and bars removing or forging those labels. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/cn-2025-ai-content-labeling-measures - Cybersecurity Technology: Labeling Method for AI-Generated Synthetic Content (GB 45438-2025). China, State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of China. law, In force (last action 2025-09-01: Standard takes effect alongside the AI content labeling measures). Effective 2025-09-01. Topics: ai, deepfakes, cybersecurity. Sets the mandatory national technical standard for how explicit and implicit labels, including metadata, must be applied to AI-generated text, images, audio, video and virtual scenes under China's labeling measures. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/cn-2025-gb-45438-ai-content-labeling-standard - Opinions on Deepening the AI Plus Action (Guo Fa (2025) No. 11). China, State Council of the People's Republic of China. strategy, Adopted (last action 2025-08-26: Opinions published). Topics: ai, government-ai. Sets China's national plan to integrate AI across science, industry, consumption, public services, governance and international cooperation, targeting over 70 percent adoption of intelligent terminals and agents by 2027 and over 90 percent by 2030. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/cn-2025-ai-plus-action-opinions - Measures for the Administration of National Network Identity Authentication Public Services (MPS Order No. 173). China, Ministry of Public Security, Cyberspace Administration of China, Ministry of Civil Affairs, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, National Health Commission, Nationa. law, In force (last action 2025-07-15: Measures enter into force). Effective 2025-07-15. Topics: privacy, data, platforms. Creates a voluntary state-run online identity system that issues citizens a network ID number and network certificate so they can verify their identity to platforms without handing over ID card details, while platforms must keep other verification options. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/cn-2025-national-network-identity-authentication-measures - New Zealand's Strategy for Artificial Intelligence: Investing with confidence. New Zealand, New Zealand Government, Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. strategy, Adopted (last action 2025-07-08: Strategy released by the Government). Topics: ai. Sets New Zealand's approach to accelerating private sector AI adoption and innovation, published alongside voluntary responsible AI guidance for businesses. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/nz-2025-ai-strategy (unverified) - Law on Data (Law No. 60/2024/QH15). Vietnam, National Assembly of Viet Nam. law, In force (last action 2025-07-01: Law takes effect). Effective 2025-07-01. Topics: data. Establishes a legal framework for the generation, management, processing, sharing and protection of digital data in Viet Nam. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/vn-2024-law-on-data - Privacy and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2024 (Act No. 128, 2024). Australia, Parliament of Australia. law, In force (last action 2025-06-10: Schedule 2 statutory tort for serious invasions of privacy commences (6 months after Royal Assent unless proclaimed earlier)). Effective 2024-12-11. Topics: privacy, data, online-safety. Amends the Privacy Act 1988 to require a Children's Online Privacy Code, add transparency duties for automated decisions, create a statutory tort for serious invasions of privacy and a criminal offence for doxxing. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/au-2024-privacy-and-other-legislation-amendment - Measures for Personal Information Protection Compliance Audits (CAC Order No. 18). China, Cyberspace Administration of China. law, In force (last action 2025-05-01: Measures enter into force). Effective 2025-05-01. Topics: privacy, data. Requires personal information handlers to conduct regular compliance audits, with those processing data on more than 10 million people auditing at least every two years, and lets regulators order audits when risks arise. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/cn-2025-pi-protection-compliance-audit-measures - Communications and Multimedia (Amendment) Act 2025 (Act A1743). Malaysia, Parliament of Malaysia. law, Enacted (last action 2025-02-07: Published in the Gazette). Topics: telecom, platforms, online-safety. Amends the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998, updating the regulatory framework for communications and online services alongside the Online Safety Act 2025. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/my-2025-communications-and-multimedia-amendment-act - Network Data Security Management Regulations (State Council Order No. 790). China, State Council of the People's Republic of China. law, In force (last action 2025-01-01: Regulations enter into force). Effective 2025-01-01. Topics: data, privacy, cybersecurity, platforms. Implements the Cybersecurity Law, Data Security Law and Personal Information Protection Law with detailed rules on personal information handling, important data protection, cross-border data transfers and obligations of large online platforms. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/cn-2024-network-data-security-regulations - Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP) (Law No. 27 of 2022). Indonesia, House of Representatives (DPR) and President of Indonesia. law, In force (last action 2024-10-17: Two-year transition period ends and the law applies in full). Effective 2024-10-17. Topics: privacy, data. Sets rules on personal data types, data subject rights, processing, controller and processor obligations, cross-border transfers, administrative sanctions and a supervisory institution in Indonesia. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/id-2022-personal-data-protection-law (unverified) - Sexual Violence Punishment Act Amendment on Deepfakes (Act No. 20459). South Korea, National Assembly of the Republic of Korea. law, In force (last action 2024-10-16: Promulgated as Act No. 20459 and enters into force on promulgation). Effective 2024-10-16. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety. Amends the Act on Special Cases Concerning the Punishment of Sexual Crimes to criminalize possessing, buying, storing or viewing sexually explicit deepfakes and to raise the maximum penalty for creating or distributing them to seven years in prison. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/kr-2024-deepfake-sexual-crimes-amendment - Elections (Integrity of Online Advertising) (Amendment) Act 2024. Singapore, Parliament of Singapore. law, Enacted (last action 2024-09-09: Bill introduced in Parliament by MDDI). Topics: deepfakes, elections, ai. Amends Singapore's parliamentary and presidential election laws to prohibit publishing digitally generated or manipulated online election advertising that realistically depicts a candidate saying or doing something they did not. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/sg-2024-elections-integrity-of-online-advertising (unverified) - Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Act 2024 (Act No. 78, 2024). Australia, Parliament of Australia. law, In force (last action 2024-09-03: Act commences (day after Royal Assent)). Effective 2024-09-03. Topics: deepfakes, online-safety, ai. Creates Commonwealth offences for transmitting sexual material depicting adults without consent, including material created or altered with AI or other technology. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/au-2024-deepfake-sexual-material - Cyber Security Act 2024 (Act 854). Malaysia, Parliament of Malaysia. law, In force (last action 2024-08-26: Act comes into operation on the date appointed by the Prime Minister). Effective 2024-08-26. Topics: cybersecurity. Establishes a National Cyber Security Committee, sets duties for national critical information infrastructure entities including incident reporting, and licenses cyber security service providers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/my-2024-cyber-security-act - Provisions on Promoting and Regulating Cross-Border Data Flows (CAC Order No. 16). China, Cyberspace Administration of China. law, In force (last action 2024-03-22: Promulgated as CAC Order No. 16 and enters into force on publication). Effective 2024-03-22. Topics: data, privacy. Relaxes China's data export rules by exempting several categories of cross-border transfers from security assessment, standard contract or certification requirements and letting free trade zones set negative lists. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/cn-2024-cross-border-data-flow-provisions - Interim Measures for the Management of Generative AI Services (CAC Order No. 15). China, Cyberspace Administration of China, NDRC, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Science and Technology, MIIT, Ministry of Public Security, National Radio and Telev. law, In force (last action 2023-08-15: Measures enter into force). Effective 2023-08-15. Topics: ai, data, online-safety, platforms. Sets rules for providers offering generative AI services to the public in China, covering training data legality, content controls, labeling, user protection, security assessments and algorithm filing. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/cn-2023-generative-ai-interim-measures - Decree on Personal Data Protection (Decree 13/2023/ND-CP). Vietnam, Government of Viet Nam. law, In force (last action 2023-04-17: Decree issued by the Government). Topics: privacy, data. Sets Viet Nam's first comprehensive personal data protection rules, defining basic and sensitive personal data and prohibiting the sale of personal data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/vn-2023-decree-13-personal-data-protection (unverified) - Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services (CAC Order No. 12). China, Cyberspace Administration of China, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security. law, In force (last action 2023-01-10: Provisions enter into force). Effective 2023-01-10. Topics: ai, deepfakes, biometrics, online-safety. Regulates deep synthesis technologies such as face swapping and voice cloning, requiring providers to verify users, label synthetic content, obtain consent for editing biometric features and conduct security assessments. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/cn-2022-deep-synthesis-provisions - India AI Governance Guidelines. India, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. strategy, Adopted. Topics: ai, government-ai. Sets out principles and a six-pillar framework for AI governance in India that relies mainly on existing laws, voluntary measures and new institutions such as an AI Governance Group and the AI Safety Institute. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/in-2025-ai-governance-guidelines (unverified) ## Africa and Middle East - National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (NAIS). Nigeria, Federal Ministry of Communications, Innovation and Digital Economy. strategy, Adopted (last action 2026-07-11: Final strategy document, dated September 2025, posted on the NCAIR website). Topics: ai, government-ai, data. Sets Nigeria's national plan for adopting artificial intelligence, with pillars on infrastructure, talent, research, ethical governance and public sector use. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/ng-2025-national-ai-strategy (unverified) - Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes (Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. 17 of 2025). Kenya, Parliament of Kenya. law, In force (last action 2026-07-02: High Court declares Section 6(1)(ja) and Section 27(1)(b) of the Amendment Act unconstitutional). Effective 2025-11-04. Topics: cybersecurity, online-safety, platforms. Amends Kenya's Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes Act of 2018, including new offences and powers for the National Computer and Cybercrimes Coordination Committee to act against unlawful websites and applications. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/ke-2025-computer-misuse-cybercrimes-amendment-act - Law Society of Kenya and 8 others v Attorney General and 17 others ([2026] KEHC 9453 (KLR)). Kenya, High Court of Kenya (Constitutional and Human Rights Division). ruling, Ruled (last action 2026-07-02: Judgment delivered by Justice P. M. Nyaundi: petitions partially succeed, Sections 6(1)(ja) and 27(1)(b) declared unconstitutional). Effective 2026-07-02. Topics: cybersecurity, online-safety, platforms. Kenya's High Court partly upheld consolidated petitions against the Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes (Amendment) Act, 2025 and declared Sections 6(1)(ja) and 27(1)(b) unconstitutional. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/ke-2026-lsk-v-ag-cybercrimes-amendment-ruling - Israel National Cyber Defense Bill (Government Bill No. 1955 (National Cyber Defense Bill, 5786-). Israel, Knesset. bill, In committee (last action 2026-06-08: First reading debate in the Knesset plenum; bill now in committee in preparation for second and third readings). Topics: cybersecurity. Government bill to set a permanent statutory framework for national cyber defense in Israel. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/il-2026-national-cyber-defense-bill - The Artificial Intelligence Bill, 2026 (Senate Bills No. 4 of 2026). Kenya, Senate of Kenya. bill, Introduced (last action 2026-02-19: Published in Kenya Gazette Supplement No. 15 (Senate Bills No. 4) for introduction into the Senate). Topics: ai, government-ai. Would create a framework to regulate artificial intelligence in Kenya, including risk classification, obligations and a public register for high-risk systems, regulatory sandboxes and a dedicated AI office. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/ke-2026-artificial-intelligence-bill - Israel temporary law on severe cyber attacks against digital service and hosting providers (Law on Dealing with Severe Cyber Attacks in the Digital Serv). Israel, Knesset. law, In force (last action 2026-01-27: Amendment No. 4 published in Reshumot). Topics: cybersecurity. Temporarily empowers authorized officials of the Shin Bet, the National Cyber Directorate or the defense ministry's security directorate to declare an attack on a hosting or digital service provider a severe cyber attack and to direct the provider's response. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/il-2023-severe-cyber-attacks-digital-services-temporary-law - Child Digital Safety Law (Federal Decree-Law No. 26 of 2025). United Arab Emirates, UAE Federal Government (President). law, In force (last action 2026-01-01: Entered into force; one-year window for platforms to regularize status begins). Effective 2026-01-01. Topics: online-safety, privacy, platforms. Requires digital platforms and internet service providers operating in or targeting the UAE to protect users under 18, including age verification, parental consent for data collection from children under 13, privacy-by-default settings and blocking children's access to online gambling. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/ae-2025-child-digital-safety-law (unverified) - Executive Regulations of the Personal Data Protection Law (Ministerial Decision No. 816 of 2025). Egypt, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. law, In force (last action 2025-11-02: Entered into force). Effective 2025-11-02. Topics: privacy, data. Implementing rules for Law No. 151 of 2020 that set out licensing and permit procedures, controls and standards for processing personal data, and breach notification to the Personal Data Protection Center within 72 hours. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eg-2025-pdpl-executive-regulations (unverified) - Personal Data Protection Law (Law No. 151 of 2020). Egypt, House of Representatives of Egypt. law, In force (last action 2025-11-01: Executive Regulations issued by Ministerial Decision No. 816 of 2025 and published in the Official Gazette). Topics: privacy, data. Egypt's comprehensive data protection law regulating electronic processing of personal data, requiring licences for controllers and processors, and creating the Personal Data Protection Center as regulator. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eg-2020-personal-data-protection-law (unverified) - Israel Privacy Protection Law Amendment No. 13 (Privacy Protection Law (Amendment No. 13), 5784-2024). Israel, Knesset. law, In force (last action 2025-08-14: Law enters into force, one year after publication). Effective 2025-08-14. Topics: privacy, data. Comprehensively amends Israel's Privacy Protection Law, updating core definitions, narrowing database registration duties, requiring privacy officers for certain bodies and giving the Privacy Protection Authority administrative enforcement powers including financial sanctions. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/il-2024-privacy-protection-amendment-13 - Draft Global AI Hub Law. Saudi Arabia, Communications, Space and Technology Commission (CST). proposal, Proposed (last action 2025-05-14: Public consultation on Istitlaa closed). Topics: ai, datacenters, data. Draft law that would let foreign governments and companies host data and AI services in Saudi data centers under their own laws through private, extended and virtual hub models, subject to Saudi oversight. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/sa-2025-global-ai-hub-law-draft (unverified) - Cyber Crimes Act, 2025 (Act No. 4 of 2025). Zambia, Parliament of Zambia. law, In force (last action 2025-05-12: Cyber Crimes Act (Commencement) Order, 2025 (SI No. 23 of 2025) issued). Topics: cybersecurity, online-safety. Defines cybercrime offences and investigation powers in Zambia, replacing the cybercrime provisions of the Cyber Security and Cyber Crimes Act, 2021. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/zm-2025-cyber-crimes-act (unverified) - Cyber Security Act, 2025 (Act No. 3 of 2025). Zambia, Parliament of Zambia. law, In force (last action 2025-05-12: Cyber Security Act (Commencement) Order, 2025 (SI No. 22 of 2025) issued). Topics: cybersecurity. Establishes the Zambia Cyber Security Agency and sets rules on cybersecurity and critical information infrastructure, repealing the Cyber Security and Cyber Crimes Act, 2021. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/zm-2025-cyber-security-act (unverified) - Africa Declaration on Artificial Intelligence. Rwanda, Global AI Summit on Africa (Kigali). resolution, Adopted (last action 2025-04-04: Adopted at the Global AI Summit on Africa in Kigali (summit held 3 to 4 April 2025)). Topics: ai. Declaration adopted at the Global AI Summit on Africa setting a shared African vision to use AI for economic competitiveness and to promote ethical, trustworthy and inclusive AI governance. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/rw-2025-africa-declaration-on-ai (unverified) - Kenya National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2025-2030. Kenya, Ministry of Information, Communications and the Digital Economy. strategy, Adopted (last action 2025-03-27: Launched at the KICC, Nairobi, by Cabinet Secretary William Kabogo Gitau). Topics: ai, data, government-ai, datacenters. Sets Kenya's national AI plan built on three pillars: AI digital infrastructure, data and AI governance, and AI research, innovation and commercialisation. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/ke-2025-national-ai-strategy - General Application and Implementation Directive (GAID) 2025 (NDPC/NDP ACT-GAID/01/2025). Nigeria, Nigeria Data Protection Commission. law, Adopted (last action 2025-03-20: Issued by the National Commissioner of the Nigeria Data Protection Commission). Topics: privacy, data. Sets detailed compliance rules under the Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023, covering registration of major data controllers, compliance audit returns, data protection officers, impact assessments and fees. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/ng-2025-gaid - Law relating to personal data protection in Cameroon (Law No. 2024/017 of 23 December 2024). Cameroon, Parliament of Cameroon; promulgated by the President of the Republic. law, Enacted (last action 2024-12-23: Promulgated as Law No. 2024/017 of 23 December 2024). Topics: privacy, data. Sets Cameroon's first general framework for the protection of personal data. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/cm-2024-personal-data-protection-law - Data Protection Act, 2024 (Act No. 18 of 2024). Botswana, Parliament of Botswana. law, In force (last action 2024-10-29: Came into effect). Effective 2024-10-29. Topics: privacy, data. Botswana's updated data protection law governing the processing of personal data and the rights of data subjects. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/bw-2024-data-protection-act (unverified) - Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL) (Royal Decree No. M/19 of 9/2/1443H, amended by Royal Decree ). Saudi Arabia, Council of Ministers (Royal Decree). law, In force (last action 2024-09-14: One-year compliance grace period ended). Effective 2023-09-14. Topics: privacy, data. Saudi Arabia's comprehensive personal data protection law, supervised by SDAIA, governing processing and cross-border transfer of personal data with fines of up to SAR 5 million. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/sa-2021-personal-data-protection-law (unverified) - Cyber and Data Protection Act, 2021 (Act No. 5 of 2021). Zimbabwe, Parliament of Zimbabwe. law, In force (last action 2024-09-13: Cyber and Data Protection (Licensing of Data Controllers and Appointment of Data Protection Officers) Regulations published as SI 155 of 2024). Topics: privacy, data, cybersecurity. Sets Zimbabwe's rules on personal data protection and cybercrime, with 2024 regulations on licensing data controllers and appointing data protection officers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/zw-2021-cyber-and-data-protection-act (unverified) - Continental Artificial Intelligence Strategy. African Union, African Union Executive Council. strategy, Adopted (last action 2024-08-09: Strategy document published by the African Union). Topics: ai, government-ai, data. Sets a continental framework for African Union member states to develop and govern artificial intelligence in support of Agenda 2063 and the Sustainable Development Goals. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/african-union-2024-continental-ai-strategy - Personal Data Protection Proclamation (Proclamation No. 1321/2024). Ethiopia, House of Peoples' Representatives. law, In force (last action 2024-07-24: Proclamation No. 1321/2024 published (Ministry of Justice law database date)). Topics: privacy, data. Ethiopia's first comprehensive data protection law, setting rules for collecting and processing personal data, data subject rights, and a supervisory authority. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/et-2024-personal-data-protection-proclamation - Malabo Convention (AU Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection). African Union, Assembly of the African Union. treaty, In force (last action 2024-07-08: AU status list records 21 signatures and 16 ratifications deposited). Effective 2023-06-08. Topics: privacy, data, cybersecurity. Sets common rules for African Union member states on electronic transactions, personal data protection, cybersecurity and cybercrime. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/african-union-2014-malabo-convention (unverified) - Data Protection Act, 2024 (Data Protection Act, 2024). Malawi, Parliament of Malawi. law, In force (last action 2024-05-31: Commencement notice published (Government Notice No. 40 of 2024)). Topics: privacy, data. Sets rules in Malawi on the processing of personal data and the rights of data subjects. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/mw-2024-data-protection-act (unverified) - Child Online Safety and Empowerment Policy. African Union, AU Executive Council. strategy, Adopted (last action 2024-05-21: Policy document published by the African Union Commission). Topics: online-safety, privacy. Continental policy setting principles on children's safety, privacy and participation online, guiding member states in building national child online protection and empowerment programmes. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/african-union-2024-child-online-safety-policy - Personal Data Protection Law (Law No. 24 of 2023). Jordan, Parliament of Jordan (Royal Decree). law, In force (last action 2024-03-17: Entered into force, six months after publication). Effective 2024-03-17. Topics: privacy, data. Jordan's first comprehensive data protection law, requiring consent for most processing, granting access, correction and erasure rights, and creating a Personal Data Protection Board under the Ministry of Digital Economy and Entrepreneurship. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/jo-2023-personal-data-protection-law (unverified) - AfCFTA Protocol on Digital Trade. African Union, Assembly of the African Union. treaty, Adopted (last action 2024-02-18: Adopted by the Assembly of the African Union). Topics: data, privacy, platforms. Adds a digital trade protocol to the African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement, setting common rules on digital trade, cross-border data transfers, personal data protection and online consumer protection. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/african-union-2024-afcfta-digital-trade-protocol - Policy on Artificial Intelligence Regulation and Ethics (Decision No. 212). Israel, Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology. strategy, Adopted (last action 2023-12-17: Policy published). Topics: ai. Sets Israel's approach to AI oversight through sector-specific regulators and soft regulation guided by common ethical principles rather than a single horizontal AI law. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/il-2023-ai-regulation-and-ethics-policy (unverified) - Law relating to the protection of personal data and privacy (Law No 058/2021 of 13/10/2021). Rwanda, Parliament of Rwanda. law, In force (last action 2023-10-15: Two-year transitional period for existing data controllers and processors ends (Article 67)). Effective 2021-10-15. Topics: privacy, data. Sets rules for processing personal data in Rwanda, gives data subjects rights, requires registration of data controllers and processors, and designates the National Cyber Security Authority as supervisory authority. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/rw-2021-personal-data-protection-law - Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023 (Nigeria Data Protection Act, 2023). Nigeria, National Assembly of Nigeria. law, In force (last action 2023-06-12: Signed into law by President Bola Ahmed Tinubu). Effective 2023-06-12. Topics: privacy, data. Establishes the Nigeria Data Protection Commission and sets rules for the lawful processing of personal data, data subject rights and cross-border data transfers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/ng-2023-data-protection-act - Data Protection Act, 2019 (Act No. 24 of 2019). Kenya, Parliament of Kenya. law, In force (last action 2022-12-31: Revised by the 24th Annual Supplement). Effective 2019-11-25. Topics: privacy, data. Establishes the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner and sets rules for processing personal data, data subject rights and transfers of personal data out of Kenya. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/ke-2019-data-protection-act - Personal Data Protection Act, 2022 (Act No. 11 of 2022). Tanzania, Parliament of Tanzania. law, In force (last action 2022-11-01: Assented to). Topics: privacy, data. Sets minimum requirements for collecting and processing personal data by public and private bodies and establishes the Personal Data Protection Commission. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/tz-2022-personal-data-protection-act (unverified) - AU Data Policy Framework. African Union, African Union Executive Council. strategy, Adopted (last action 2022-07-28: Framework document published by the African Union Commission). Topics: data, privacy. Provides a common framework for African Union member states to harmonise data governance, enable cross-border data flows and build a shared continental data space. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/african-union-2022-data-policy-framework (unverified) - UAE Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL) (Federal Decree-Law No. 45 of 2021). United Arab Emirates, UAE Federal Government (President of the UAE). law, In force (last action 2022-01-02: Law enters into force). Effective 2022-01-02. Topics: privacy, data. Sets the UAE federal framework for processing personal data, including consent requirements, data subject rights and rules on cross-border transfers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/ae-2021-pdpl - Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA) (Act 4 of 2013). South Africa, Parliament of South Africa. law, In force (last action 2021-07-01: Section 58(2) commences). Effective 2020-07-01. Topics: privacy, data. Sets minimum conditions for the lawful processing of personal information by public and private bodies, establishes the Information Regulator and regulates direct marketing, automated decision making and cross-border transfers. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/za-2013-popia - Cybersecurity Act, 2020 (Act 1038). Ghana, Parliament of Ghana. law, In force (last action 2020-12-29: Enacted as Act 1038 (date of the GhaLII record)). Topics: cybersecurity, online-safety. Establishes Ghana's Cyber Security Authority to regulate cybersecurity activities and promote the development of cybersecurity in the country. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/gh-2020-cybersecurity-act (unverified) - Digital Transformation Strategy for Africa (2020-2030). African Union, African Union Commission. strategy, Adopted (last action 2020-05-18: Strategy document published by the African Union Commission). Topics: data, telecom, cybersecurity, government-ai. Sets the African Union plan to build an integrated digital single market in Africa by 2030 through digital infrastructure, skills, regulation and cybersecurity. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/african-union-2020-digital-transformation-strategy (unverified) - Data Protection Act, 2012 (Act 843). Ghana, Parliament of Ghana. law, In force (last action 2012-05-18: Enacted as Act 843 (date of the GhaLII record)). Topics: privacy, data. Sets Ghana's rules on the protection of personal data and establishes a Data Protection Commission. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/gh-2012-data-protection-act (unverified) - Egypt National AI Strategy, Second Edition (2025-2030). Egypt, National Council for Artificial Intelligence; Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. strategy, Adopted. Topics: ai, government-ai. Sets Egypt's roadmap for moving from early adoption to large-scale use of artificial intelligence across government and economic sectors, guided by ethical and human-centred principles. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/eg-2025-national-ai-strategy-second-edition (unverified) - Rwanda National AI Policy. Rwanda, Ministry of ICT and Innovation (MINICT). strategy, Adopted. Topics: ai, government-ai. Sets Rwanda's policy for using artificial intelligence to drive economic growth and public sector transformation, including trustworthy AI adoption in government and responsible adoption in the private sector. https://legislations.fru.dev/items/rw-2023-national-ai-policy (unverified)